The West 9 



improved ranches in or near the Forest Reserves. Second 

 preference is given old users of the range who reside at a 

 distance. Last consideration is given new non-resident 

 owners. The fees for grazing are not the same on all 

 ranges, but for year-long permits are usually within the 

 following limits : 



Sheep, 15-16 cents a head a year 

 Cattle, 60-64 cents a head a year 

 Horses, 75-80 cents a head a year 

 Swine, 36-38 cents a head a year 



For a grazing period of less than a year, the charge 

 for a month is about one-tenth of the annual fee. Since 

 the Forest Ranges include most of the higher elevations, 

 the year-long permits are confined to the Southwest, 

 while in the northern states the permits are usually for 

 less than six months, and commonly for only four. When 

 the Forest Reserves were first established, there was much 

 friction between the Range officials and the stockmen, 

 but the system has finally been adjusted so as to be 

 reasonably fair to all, and the stockmen now have much 

 better control over their grazing lands than under the 

 open range system. The Forest officials act largely in 

 cooperation with the local stockmen's associations and 

 the stockmen know definitely what they may expect. 



The 210,000,000 acres of Forest Reserve pay no taxes, 

 but 35 per cent of the receipts goes to the counties in 

 which the range is located for the construction of roads 

 and trails anywhere within the county and 10 per cent 

 for roads and trails exclusively within the Reserve. In 

 this way, they help support the local governments, al- 

 though to a much less extent than if they were deeded 

 lands subject to the usual rates of taxation. 



