292 Western Live-stock Management 



thrifty, will usually supply about the proper nutritive 

 ration for growing horses. Among the feeds which are 

 deficient in protein and mineral matter, and therefore 

 unsatisfactory for growing horses, may be mentioned 

 timothy hay, cheat hay, corn, and barley. When any of 

 these feeds are used for young horses, a limited amount 

 of other feeds containing large quantities of protein and 

 mineral matter should be supplied. 



RA.ISING THE ORPHAN 



The feeding of an orphan foal, or a foal that is in- 

 sufficiently nursed by its dam, is a task which requires 

 much care and patience. Cow's milk is the best substitute 

 for that of the mare, although the latter has more sugar 

 and less fat than the former. If the cow's milk is given 

 to a foal it should be modified, depending on the richness 

 of the milk. Milk low in butter-fat is best for this 

 purpose. One pint of cow's milk diluted with one-fourth 

 pint of lime-water, and to which a teaspoonful of sugar 

 is added, approximately approaches the consistency of 

 mare's milk. Lime-water helps to prevent the milk from 

 forming into hard curds. A nursing bottle with a rubber 

 nipple is about the best means of giving the milk, but some 

 prefer to use the spout of a teapot, with the finger of a 

 kid glove on the end of the spout, with a hole punched in 

 the same so that the milk can flow through it. The instru- 

 ments should be thoroughly cleaned and sterilized with 

 boiling water each time before they are used, and the milk 

 should be warmed to a temperature of about 100° F. 

 before feeding. At first the colt should be fed every hour, 

 giving it about one-half pint at each feeding. It is advis- 

 able at the start to feed the colt two or three times at 



