336 Western Live-stock Management 



five top crosses. This means that the animal to be re- 

 corded has been bred up from scrub stock by the use of 

 five pure-bred sires in direct succession, thus making the 

 animal fi pure-bred. Now, however, this rule is abol- 

 ished and nearly all the leading breed associations record 

 only the offspring of sires and dams already registered. 



Methods of recording. 



In recording animals with the association, blanks or 

 forms printed by the secretary are used. In the appli- 

 cation, it is necessary to give the name and number of the 

 sire, name and number of the dam, signature of the breeder 

 as to the service and the time of foaling, and complete 

 color markings of the colt. If the animal is registered 

 under the top cross rule, it is necessary to give his entire 

 pedigree, tracing back to the sixth generation in most 

 cases. When an animal is accepted for registry, it is 

 given the name which the breeder suggests and a regis- 

 tration number, or in some cases assigned a certain vol- 

 ume and page on the record. The secretary of the asso- 

 ciation then issues a certificate to the owner, which shows 

 the information in regard to the animal's breeding, the 

 color markings, and the like, and certifies under the seal 

 of the association that the animal has been duly recorded 

 on their books. Such a certificate is known as certif- 

 icate of registration, or more commonly as a pedigree. 

 These certificates usually show, in addition to the sire 

 and dam, the other ancestors for several generations. 

 The names of the animals are in all cases accompanied 

 by their registration numbers or by the volume and page 

 of the book in which they are recorded. When the num- 

 ber or page is not given, the ancestor in question is not 

 recorded. In case of grades admitted undfer top cross 



