512 ORNITHOLOGY AND OOLOGY. 



Description. 



Head and neck all round bluish-violet, occasionally with green or purplish re- 

 flection; a large white patch anterior to the eye, occupying the entire side of the bill, 

 and running up in a point on the forehead ; lower neck and under parts generally 

 white ; a narrow white patch on the middle wing coverts ; the greater coverts black, 

 tipped with white, which is continuous with the white secondaries, but separated 

 from that on the middle coverts ; anterior scapulars white, edged externally with 

 black; the posterior ones black, with white central streak; rest of upper parts black, 

 as are the sides behind, and including the tibia; long feathers of the flank white, 

 tipped and edged above with black. 



Length, twenty-two and fifty one-hundredths inches; wing, nine and fifty one- 

 hundredths ; tarsus, one and fifty-eight one-hundredths inches ; commissure, one and 

 eighty one-hundredths inches. 



Hah. — Iceland, and northern parts of America. In winter, not rare on the St. 

 Lawrence. 



This species is found in considerable numbers on our 

 north-eastern coast, in the winter months. It breeds in the 

 arctic portions of the continent, but has all the other habits 

 of the succeeding species. 



BTJCEPHALA AMERICANA. — Baird. 

 The Golden Eye ; Whistle Wing. 



Anas clangula, Wilson. Am. Orn., VIII. (1814) 62. 



Fuligula (Clangula) clangula, Bonaparte. Syn., (1828) 393. Nutt. Man., II. 

 441. 



Fuligula clangula, Audubon. Orn. Biog., IV. (1838) 318. lb., Birds Am., VI. 

 ,1843)362. 



Clangula Americana, Bonaparte. Comp. List (1838). Eyt. Mon. Anat. (1838) 

 167. 



Description. 



Bill black; head and upper part of neck glossy-green; the under surface opaque . 

 velvety purplish-black ; an elliptical patch along the base of upper mandible ante- 

 rior to the eye, lower part of neck, under parts generally, and sides, middle and 

 greater wing coverts, the innermost secondaries (and tertials, except the innermost 

 three or four), white ; the white on the wing is in a continuous patch, although there 

 is a concealed black bar on the bases of the greater coverts ; the inner scapulars are 

 white, margined externally with black ; posteriorly, however, they are black, streaked 

 centrally with white ; the inner scapulars and tertials, and the whole back, rump, 

 and lesser wing coverts, are black; the primaries and tail black, with a hoary gloss; 

 the under side of quills and lower greater coverts are plumbeous-gray; the rest of 

 the under wing and the axillars are sooty-brown ; the long white feathers of the 

 flanks are edged superiorly with black ; iris golden yellow. 



Female with the head and neck above snuff-brown, without white patch; white 

 of wing less extended; the middle coverts only touched with white; there is a ten- 



