322 APPENDIX. 



the hwro or black baas of Lake Huron, the lucio perca or pike perch, 

 the seranus or groupa, the eeniropriates or sea bass, the grystes or 

 black bass, the eenPra/rcJms or rook bass — ^two genera generally con- 

 founded — the pomotia or sun-fish, and several others so rare in our 

 waters that they are omitted. 



The second family of the spine-rayed order is the trifflidce, which 

 is similar to the pereida, except that the cheeks are mailed as it were 

 by the suborbitals being greatly extended and articulated with the 

 fore gill-cover. It includes the trigla prionotus and dactyhpterus 

 or gurnard and flying-fish; the cottms, sculpin or bull-head; the 

 hemitripterus, also known as sculpin ; and the gasterosteits or stickle- 

 back ; besides many genera that are rare. 



The third family is the scienidm, which have no teeth in the pala- 

 tines or vomer, but have scales on the base of the vertical fins; 

 otherwise they resemble the perch family. They comprise the 

 leiostomus or Lafayette, the otolithus or weak-fish, the coreina or 

 lake sheepshead and branded drum or red-fish of the South, the 

 umbrina or king-fish, the pogoniaa or salt-water drum. 



The fourth family is the aparidm, which has no spines Or denticu- 

 lations on the gill-covers, and no teeth on the palate, but has large 

 scales. It includes the sargus or salt-water sheepshead and sand- 

 porgee, and the pagriis or common porgee. 



The next family that frequents our waters is the scombridcB, which 

 has no spines or denticulations on the gill-covera, and no scales on 

 the vertical flns; the scales are small. It includes the seomher ov 

 mackerel proper, the thynnus or tunny, the pelamya or bonito, the 

 tricMurus or ribbon-fish, the xipMas or sword-fish, the ncmcratea 

 or pilot-fish, the ca/ra/ra or yellow mackerel, the seriole or rudder- 

 fish, the temrwden or blue-flsh, the rhomhus or harvest-flsh. 



The next family is the atherinidoe, represented by the silversides 

 or sand-smelts ; and the next the mugilidm. It has minute teeth, 

 entire and large scales extending over the head, and comprises the 

 mugil or mullet proper. The next family is the gobidcB, which Lave 

 an elongated body, small scales or none, the spines of the dorsal 

 flexible, and the ventrals, when present, before the pectorals, and it 

 includes the gunnelhia or butter-fish, the zoarees or eel-pout ; and the 

 next the lophidm, which usually have no scales, but occasionally 

 spiny plates in lieu of them, and have the carpal bones elongated to 

 support the pectorals. The lophius proper is the sea-devU. or fishing- 

 frog, a rapacious creature, well known on our coast by various names, 

 and the hatraehus, the well-known toad-fish. 



The last of the spine-rayed families is the labridce, which have 

 fleshy lips covering the jaws, toothless tongue and palate, three 

 pharyngeals, two above and one beneath, furnished with teeth, sharp 

 or flattened, and an oblong, scaly body. This family comprises the 

 etenolairits or bergall, otherwise chogset or cunner, and the tautoga, 

 tautog or black-fish. 



