40 BuiiyDiNG AND Equipment 



The matter of insulation of ammonia, brine, steam and water 

 pipes is an important item as related to the economy of fuel. For 

 proper and economical insulation the following types of pipe cover- 

 ing are recommended: 



Ammonia and Brine Lines. — 



1st layer of tarred felt. 



2nd layer of 1" thick hair felt. 



3rd layer of tarred felt. 



4th layer of 1" thick hair felt. 



5th layer of tarred felt. 



6th layer of wove-felt paper. 



7th layer of 8-oz. canvas jacket, sewed on. 



8th layer of sizing and one coat of lead and oil paint. 



Each layer of hair felt must be securely wound with twine. 

 Each layer of all material should be coated with hot asphalt, ap- 

 plied while hot, excepting layers, 6, 7 and 8. 



Special seals must be made at all flanges and fittings, and such 

 flanges and fittings must be insulated independently. This arrange- 

 ment will prevent damage to adjoining coverings, should fittings 

 spring leaks. 



Before applying pitch or asphalt, the necessary precautions must 

 be taken to have the pipes thoroughly dry and the asphalt or pitch 

 must be hot. 



Steam Lines. — Air cell asbestos covering, or covering of equal 

 insulating and lasting quality, one inch thick on pipes, and fittings 

 to be built up of asbestos cement to a corresponding thickness ; 

 smoothly finished and neatly canvassed, with metal bands at 18" 

 intervals. Before putting on the metal bands the covering should 

 receive two coats of asbestos cold water paint. 



Cold Water Lines.— Covering of wool felt, tar paper lined, 

 sectional, one inch thick on pipes ; fittings to be built up to a corre- 

 sponding thickness with one inch hair felt, the entire line should be 

 neatly finished with a graded mixture of Portland cement and 

 asbestos cement, and canvas- jacketed and equipped with metal bands 

 at 18" intervals. Before putting on the metal bands, the covering 

 should receive two coats of asbestos cold water paint. 



