Mii,K Supply 41 



Sanitary Arrangement of Machinery. — Milk pumps, milk 

 pipes, milk troughs and other milk- conveyors are, at best, enemies 

 of sanitation. They should be avoided wherever possible. The 

 gravity system of conveying milk should be used in preference to 

 the pumping system. Milk pipes should be short and accessible; 

 all vats should be of sanitary construction ; wooden jackets should 

 not be tolerated ; all seams in the vats and kettles should be well 

 flushed with solder ; milk pumps should be brass lined ; all milk pipes 

 should be of black iron pipe made smooth on the inside by sand- 

 blasting, or of galvanized iron or copper, heavily tinned over on 

 the inside; long lines of milk pipes should be equipped with unions 

 at short distances ; crosses or sanitary couplings should be used in 

 place of elbows, in order to render all sections of the milk pipes 

 easily accessible to flue brushes. 



Chapter III. 



MILK SUPPLY 



Basis of Buying Milk. — The prices which the condensery pays 

 the patrons are not usually governed by any board of trade. They 

 do not even necessarily follow the quotations of the butter and 

 cheese market. They are generally announced from three to six 

 months in advance. They average, in most cases, from twenty to 

 fifty cents higher per hundred pounds of milk than those paid by 

 the creameries and cheese factories. 



The milk condenseries, as a whole, have been slow in adopting 

 the butterfat content of milk as their basis for payment. Even up 

 to a few years ago most condenseries were paying for the milk on 

 the one hundred weight basis and some factories were still cKngirig 

 to the mediaeval custom of buying milk by the quart, using the 

 yardstick for remnant cans. Other factories paid a stated price per 

 hundred weight for all milk testing say 4 per cent fat and over and 

 made corresponding reductions for milk containing less than 4 per 

 cent fat. Still others paid a premium for milk testing above 4 per 

 cent fat. A few concerns only bought milk on the straight butterfat 

 basis. 



