76 ULMACEAE (ELM FAMILY) 



ULMACEAE (Elm Family) 



Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, pinnately veined but often 

 with 3-5 chief veins from the base. Flowers in lateral or axillary 

 clusters, or the pistillate flowers solitary, small. Perianth 3-9- 

 parted or of 3-9 distinct segments. Stamens as many as the 

 perianth-segments and opposite them. Ovary i-celled or rarely 

 2-celled, superior; styles or stigmas 2. Fruit a samara or drupe or 

 nut. Seed i. 



A. All flowers in clusters; fruit dry, winged; leaves with i vein from the base. 

 W. — Several eastern species cultivated for shade trees,* but none wild. — (The 

 Latin name.) Ulmus (elm) 



AA. Pistillate flowers solitary ; fruit a drupe ; leaves with 3 chief veins from the base. 

 E. — An eastern species, C. occidentalis, is sometimes planted for shade. (The 

 Latin name of an African Lotus on account of resemblances in fruit.) 



Celtis douglasii (hackberey) 



MORACEAE (Mulberry Family) 



Herbs or shrubs or trees; juice milky or watery. Stipules pres- 

 ent. Flowers monoecious or dioecious; staminate flowers in panicles 

 or spikes; pistillate flowers in spikes or heads or cymes, sometimes 

 flowers solitary; both kinds of clusters axillary. Perianth 4-5- 

 parted. Stamens as many as the perianth-segments. Ovary 

 superior, i-celled; styles 1-2. Fruit various, either conelike or 

 blackberry-like. Seed i. 



A. Shrubs or trees; sap milky; leaves alternate; stipules fugacious; fruit a berry. 

 E — Berries edible. (L. morus = the name of the Mulberry.) 



Morus rubra (red mulberry) 



AA. Twining herbs; sap watery; leaves opposite; stipules persistent; fruit cone- 

 like. W. E. — Fruits used in the making of beer. (L. humus = the ground; 

 because prostrate when unsupported.) Humulus lupulus tcuLTiVATED hop) 



URTICACEAE (Nettle Family) 



Herbs ; juice watery. Leaves alternate or opposite, simple ; 

 pinnately veined but with a number of chief veins from the base; 

 petioles present. Flowers monoecious or dioecious or po- 

 lygamous, small, greenish, the clusters axillary. Perianth 2-5 

 cleft or -parted, or of 2-5 distinct segments. Stamens as many as 

 the segments or lobes of the perianth, opposite them. Ovary 

 superior, i-celled; style i. Fruit an akene. Seed i. 



* See Gray's New Manual of Botany. American Book Co. 



