154 VIOLACEAE (VIOLET FAMILY) 



CC. Lateral petals bearded with a tuft of hairs; upper petals deep blue or violet- 

 purple. 

 E. Plant pubescent; leaves rounded in general outline, and their segments linear 

 or linear-spatulate. C. E. V. beckwithll 



EE. Plant glabrous; leaves either not rounded in general outline, or else their 

 lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. 

 F. Leaf segments veinless or obscurely veined; stipules adnate, often large, 

 laciniate or entire. W. V. hallli 



FF. Leaf segments prominently 3-veined; stipules free, small, entire. E. 



V. trinervata 

 AA. Leaves very shallowy lobed or merely toothed or even entire. 

 G. Petals yellow. 

 H. Stems prostrate, stolon-like; leaves evergreen. 

 I. Leaves cordate; leafy branches producing petal-bearing flowers. W. C E. 



V. sempervirens (evergreen violet) 

 n. Leaves reniform; leafy branches producing only apetalous flowers. C. E. 



V. orbiculata 

 HH. Stems erect, not stolon-like; leaves not evergreen. 

 J. Plant glabrous. 

 K. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse; capsule globose, pubescent. 

 W. C. E. V. venosa 



KK. Leaves round-cordate or reniform, acuminate or acute; capsule oblong, 

 glabrous. W. C. E. V. glabeUa 



JJ. Plant pubescent. W. C. E. V. nuttallli (hairy yellow violet) 



GG. Petals some other color. 

 L. Plants stemless. 

 M. Plant hirsute or villous, not stoloniferous; petals 10-17 mm. long, blue or 

 violet, all bearded at base. E. V. cuspidata 



MM. Plant glabrous or very nearly so. 

 N. Leaves ovate to spatulate-oblong, attenuate to the petiole; plant stolonif- 

 erous. U. V. primulaefolla (primrose violet) 

 NN. Leaves truncate to cordate at base, not attenuate to the petiole. 

 O. Petals 6-8 mm. long, white or light blue or violet, lower ones with purple 

 veins; plants stoloniferous. 

 P. Corolla white; lower 3 petals with purple lines. W. C. E. V. blanda 

 PP. Corolla violet. W. C. E. V. palustris (marsh violet) 

 00. Petals 10-25 mm. long, violet. 

 Q. Petals 10-17 mm. long; plant not stoloniferous; stipules less than 12 mm. 

 long. W. E. V. nephrophylla 

 QQ. Petals 19-25 mm. long; plant stoloniferous; stipules 12-21 mm. long. 

 W. V. langsdorfii 

 LL. Plants with stems. 

 R. Stipules or at least those of the basal leaves serrate or laciniate, scarious or 

 herbaceous. 

 S. Plant puberulent or glabrous; stipules herbaceous. 

 T. Leaves usually brown dotted at least beneath; none of the stipules entire. 

 U. Plant usually 7-30 cm. high, glabrous; leaves 1.3-3.8 cm. long. W. C. E. 



V. adunca 

 UU. Plant 3-5 cm. high, densely puberulent; leaves 1-2 cm. long. W. C. 



V. arenaria (sand violet) 

 TT. Leaves not dotted; stipules of the stem leaves entire. \V. V. howelUl 



SS. Plant pubescent. 

 V. Pubescence retrorse; stipules herbaceous; flowers violet. W. C. E. 



V. retroscabra 



