l62 HALORAGIDACEAE (WATER-MILFOIL FAMILY) 



HALORAGIDACEAE (Water-milfoil Family) 



Herbs glabrous, aquatic. Some of the leaves whorled, the sub- 

 merged ones often pectinate- pinnatifid. Flowers rare. Calyx 

 entire or 2-4-lohed. Petals none or 2-4. Stamens 1-8. Ovary 

 inferior. Fruit a nutlet or drupe. 



A. Submerged leaves pinnatifid into capillary segments, 3-5 in a whorl or rarely 

 some scattered; stem not Equisetum-VHae. — ■ (Gk. myrios = numberless, pkyllon 

 = a leaf; the leaves are split into very many segments.) Species too difficult. 

 (F. & R. p. 269.) Myriophyllum (water milfoil) 



AA. All leaves Unear or wider, simple, entire, 4-12 in a whorl; stem conspicuously 

 jointed and somewhat EQuisetum-]ike. ■ W. C. E. — (Gk. hippos = a horse, oura^ 

 = a tail; from the resemblance of the leafy stem.) 



Hippuris vulgaris (mare's tail) 



ARALIACEAE (Ginseng Family) 



Herbs or shrubs, perennial. Leaves alternate or whorled. 

 Flowers perfect or polygamous, clustered. Calyx limb truncate 

 or toothed or none. Petals usually 5. Stamens as many as the 

 petals and alternate with them, rarely more on the epigynous disk. 

 Ovary usually inferior. Fruit a berry or drupe. 



A. Shrubs ; leaves simple. 



B. Erect or decumbent, not vining, very prickly; twigs 1-2.5 cm. thick; leaves 

 deciduous, prickly, 15-50 cm. long. W. C. E. — (The Japanese common name 

 for one of the species.) Fatsia liorrida (devil's club) 



BB. Vining, cUmbing by roots from the vines, not prickly; twigs smaller; leaves 

 evergreen, smooth, 3-15 cm. long. W. — Planted for decorating walls. (Celtic 

 hedra = a cord; from the vining stems.) Hedera helix (English ivy) 



AA. Herbs; leaves compound. 



C. Leaves not whorled, pinnate or temate, usually 2-compound; fruit not red. 



ARALIA (p. 162) I 

 CC. Leaves 3 in a whorl, palmate, i-compouud; fruit red. W. — Cultivated for , 

 its medicinal roots. (Gk. pan = all, akos = a cure; from reputed medicinal 

 properties.) Panax qoinquef olium (ginseng) 



ARALIA 



Herbs. Leaves alternate. Flowers small, in lunbels, white or greenish. 

 Calyx truncate or 5-toothed. Petals 5. Styles s- Fruit a small berry. 

 Seeds about 5. — (Meaning undetermined.) 



A. Plant stemless or nearly so; leaf i, ternate and each division ternately or pin- 

 nately 3-5-folioIate; umbels commonly 3, simple, not involucrate. E. 



A. nudicauUs (wild sarsaparilla) 



AA. Plant with stem 2-3 m. high; leaves many, 1-2-pinnate; umbels many, involu- 

 crate. C. A. californica (California spikenard) 



