222 COMPOSITACEAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



BB. Shrubs, glabrous but sticky; staminate and pistillate heads on separate plants. 

 E. — (The name of some shrub dedicated to the god Bacchu".) 



Baccharis pilularis (wzne bush) 

 AA. Rays yellow. 

 N. Pappus of scales or rigid awns. 



O. Heads large, 10-25 inm. high, many-flowered; pappus of 2-8 rigid awns; invo- 

 lucre bracts often gummy, often recurved at tip. GRINDELIA (p. 223) 

 00. Heads small, 4-6 mm. high, 2-20 flowered; pappus of 4~i4 scales; involucre 

 bracts not gummy, not recurved at tip. — (Honor of the Gutierrez''family of the 

 Spanish nobility.) Gutierrezia (brown-weed) 

 NN. Pappus or most of it of capillary bristles. 

 P. Pappus of 2 distinctly different whorls, an inner of scabrous capillary bristles, 

 an outer of small scales or bristles. 

 Q. Involucre bracts in several indistinct whorls, the outer distinctly shorter. — 

 (Gk. ckrysos = gold, opsis = like; referring to the golden yellow flowers.) 



Chrysopsis (golden aster) 

 QQ. Involucre bracts in 1-2 indistinct whorls, all about equal. — (Gk. er = 

 spring, geron = an old man; some early species are very hoary.) 



Krigeron (fleabane) 



PP. Pappus of a single whorl of bristles or else the whorls alike when more than i. 



R. Involucre bracts not in vertical rows; rays rarely fewer than 5; leaves various ; 



herbs or shrubs. 



S. Pappus bristles equal or nearly so; heads 3-12 mm. wide. — (L. solidare = to 



make whole; on account of the reputed vulnerary properties.) 



SoUdago (goldenrod) 



SS. Pappus bristles unequal; heads often more than 12 mm. wide. 



T. Leaves often not as in TT in all characters; involucre hemispheric or widely 



campanulate; herb or shrub, viscid or not. — (Gk. aploos = simple; + pappus; 



the pappus is not plumose.) Aplopappus 



TT. Leaves spatulate to filiform, 6-25 mm. long, sessile, entire; involucre 



narrowly campanulate to oblong; shrub, viscid. E. — Erica is a genus of 



heather. (Gk. meros = a part; because the leaves are heather-like.) 



Ericameiia nana (false heather) 



RR. Involucre bracts in 3-4 vertical rows; rays 1-4; leaves narrowly linear or 



spatulate-linear; shrub. (See D.) Chrysothamnus (rabbit brush) 



AAA. Rays some color other than yellow. * 



U. Pappus none or of scales or of small hairlike bristles or of stout awnlike bristles, 



in one whorl. 



V. Plant glabrous, 3-18 dm. high; heads many; rays white; pappus of several small 



scales and 2 small stiff bristles. E. — (Honor of J. Bolton, an English botanist.) 



Boltonla occldentalis 



W. Plant puberulent to very hairy, acaulescent to 4 dm. high; heads few in most 



species; rays various; pappus of ray flowers either none or of more than 2 



bristles. 



W. Scapes leafless and bractless; leaves obovate or spatulate, entire or obscurely 



dentate; pappus either none or a ring of minute bristles. W. — Sometimes 



sown on lawns for beauty. (L. bellis = pretty; referring to the flowers.) 



Bellis perennis (garden daisy) 



WW. Scapes sometimes leafy below, bracted; leaves spatulate to linear, entire; 



pappus a ring of stout rough awnlike bristles. E. — (Honor of D. Townsend, an 



American botanist^ Townsendia (townsendia) 



UU. Pappus of many capillary bristles, sometimes in 2 whoirls and then the outer 



sometimes of shorter bristles or of scales. 

 X. Either involucre bracts or else rays not as below; akenes usually flat. 



