COMPOSITACEAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 233 



flowers usually truncate or obtuse, without appendages at tip or with short 

 ones. Pappus' of capillary bristles but often deciduous; bristles many, 

 smooth to plumose. 



A. Herbs. 

 B. Most of the leaves on each plant opposite. — (Said to be from Gk, arnakis = a 

 lamb's skin; referring to the softness of the heads.) Some medicinal; many poisonous. 



Arnica 

 BB. Leaves alternate or all basal. 

 C. Leaves all basal. 

 D. Scapes densely iarge-bracted; leaves wider than lanceolate, often more than 

 10 cm. long; flowers white or pinkish. PETASITES (p. 233) 



DD. Scapes naked; leaves linear to oblanceolate, 2.5-10 cm. long; flowers 

 yellow. — (Diminutive ol Raillardia, a related genus.) Ralllardella 



CC. Some leaves on the stem. 

 £. Heads radiate. 



F. Annual; receptacle conic. W. E. — (Gk. krokis = the nap or woolliness of 

 cloth; the leaf-axils are hairy.) Crocidium multicaule 



FF. Perennial; receptacle flat. — A large and difficult genus. (L. senex = an 

 old man; referring to the hoary heads of some.) Senecio (ragwort) 



EE. Heads rayless. 



G. Heads 4-10-flowered. 



H. Leaves entire, 1-2.5 cm, long; heads about lo-flowered. W. C. E. — (An 



anagram of Inula, another genus of this family.) Luina hypoleuca 



HH. ■ Leaves coarsely dentate, 5-25 cm. long; heads 4-6-flowered. C. — (It 



was first found on Mt. Rainier.) Ralnlera stricta 



GG. Heads more than lo-flowered. 



I. Leaves palmately 5-9-lobed or -cleft or -parted, palmately veined. C. E. — 



(Cacalia is a related genus; Gk. opsts = like; hence resembling Cacalia.) 



Cacallopsis nardosmia 

 n. Leaves entire to pinnately compound, not palmately veined. (See FF.) 



Senecio (ragwort) 



AA. Shrubs. E. — (Gk. tetradymos = 4-fold ; because many species have just 4 flowers 



in a head.) Tetradymia 



PETASITES (Colt's-foot) 



Perennial; rhizome thick, horizontal. Heads rayless or radiate, in a 

 raceme or coryrob, on large bracted stems, appearing before the leaves, 

 dioecious or somewhat so; involucre herbaceous. Pistillate corolla 2-5- 

 toothed. Pappus bristles soft, white, long. — (Gk. peiasos — a broad- 

 brimmed hat; referring to the leaves.) 



A. Leaves reniform-orfaicular, 1.5-4 dm. wide, 7-1 i-cleft. W. E. — Petioles cooked 

 and eaten like Rhubarb. P. speciosus (large colt's-foot) 



AA. Leaves longer than wide, 0.5-2.5 dm. long. 

 B. Leaves broadly sagittate, irregularly dentate to almost entire. E. 



P. sagittatus (arrow-leai- colt*s-i?oot) 

 BB. Leaves ovate or oblong, 5-7-lobed; alpine. W. C. E. 



P. frigidus (arctic colt's-poot) 



CYNAREAE (Thistle Tribe). — Herbs, Leaves alternate. Heads ray- 

 less; involucre much imbricated. Corolla 5-cleft. Anthers tailed at base. 



