52 A -MANUAL OF THE CONIFERS. 



and Eetinispora ; the first three are considered established, but the 

 fourth, Retinispora, being founded on characters that are either inconstant 

 or not confined to the included species, has not been recognised hy- 

 men of science. 



One of the earliest contributors to the systematic Botany of the 

 Coniferre after Loudon's death was Endlicher (Vienna, 1804-1849), who 

 published his Synopsis Coniferarum in 1847. In this work the Taxaceae 

 of Lindley are reunited to the Coniferae, but divided into two tribes, 

 Taxinea?, and Podocarpese, the latter including the Daerydiums as well 

 as the Podocarps. Endlicher made several generic changes, founded 

 chiefly upon differences in the organs of fructification, in some instances 

 too slight to secure their adoption by Botanists generally. He separated 

 the Californian Red Wood and the Chinese Water Pine from Taxodium, 

 and founded the genus Sequoia, with the former to which has since 

 been added the Wellingtonia of Lindley, and Glyptostrobus with the 

 latter ; he also separated the African Cypress from Cupressus, calling it 

 Widdringtonia. The propriety of these changes has been generally 

 acknowledged. He further separated the Chinese and Chilian Thuias 

 from the North American species, constituting the first Biota and 

 the second Libocedrus ; he also adopted the genus Chamascyparis, of 

 which the American White Cedar {Cupressus tliyoides) is regarded as 

 the type, and which Spach had previously separated from Cupressus. 

 These changes have been but partially adopted, and the last has been 

 altogether rejected by some eminent Botanists, notably by Dr. A. Gray* 



Dr. Lindley established the genus Saxe-Gothsea in 1850, on specimens 

 brought home by our collector, William Lobb, and three years later 

 he published a description of the Mammoth Tree of California,! from 

 materials supplied to him by the same energetic explorer, under the 

 name of Wellingtonia. Subsequent examination of the tree in its native 

 home, and especially of the structure of the male flowers, showed, 

 however, that this name could not, in a scientific point of view, be 

 retained, and that the " Big Tree " is, in fact, no other than a second 

 species of Sequoia. Dr. (now Sir) J. D. Hooker founded the genus 

 Fitzroya in 1851, \ on specimens brought home by H.M. surveying 

 ship Beagle. He subsequently enlarged the Order by the addition of 

 Diselma§ and Microcachrys, || two curious and rare Tasmanian Conifers. 

 Important contributions to our knowledge of the Himalayan Conifers 

 and the Cedars have been made by the same distinguished Botanist.H 



* Flora of the Northern United States, p. 473. 

 t Gardeners' Chronicle, 1853, p. 823. 

 X Sot. Mag., Tab. 4616. 



sale'^uthority 5 '"™™^ P " 353 ' bUt Whi ° h haS sinCe hem referred to Fitzro y a b y <*« 

 II Sot. Mag., 1866., Tab. 5576. 

 •fi Himalayan Journals and Natural History Beview, 1862, 



