146 A MANUAL OF THE CONIFER*. 



and also for lawns, where much variety is desired. In its young state 

 in this country it is a compact, pyramidal, densely branched tree, with 

 the branches much twisted or gnarled, and well furnished with grass- 

 green foliage. 



Dr. Newberry (Pacific Railway Report) thinks that the specific name 

 conturfa was suggested to Douglas by the curious appearance of some 

 of the dead trees standing on the pumice plain which lies between the 

 Klamath lake and the Des Chutes Eiver ; the branches of these trees 

 curve downwards and inwards, thus reversing the natural upward curve 

 of their extremities ■ while living. 



Pinus densiflora. — A tree of medium height, with a tapering 

 trunk, covered with rough furrowed hark. The branches of the 

 young trees growing in Great Britain are robust, ascending, and 

 clothed with dusky brown bark, roughened with the bases of the 

 persistent scales. The leaves are from 3 to 4 inches long, rather 

 stiff, rounded above, channelled beneath, slightly scabrous or roughish, 

 bright green, and crowded towards the extremities of the branchlets. 

 The cones are about 2 inches long, somewhat smaller than those of 

 the Scotch Fir, and with thinner scales. 



Habitat. — Japan, common in the islands of Nippon, Kiusiu, and 

 Sikok. 



Introduced into Europe by Siebold & Co., of Leyden, in 1854. 



Pinus densiflora and P. Massoniana, are the common species of 

 Japan ; their wood is not distinguished by separate names, both are 

 known as Mats, which is the Japanese name for Pine. The timber is 

 of good quality, and much used in constructive work. So highly are 

 these trees esteemed by the Japanese that they represent them on 

 lacquer and porcelain ware ; they plant them in their gardens and by 

 the sides of the public roads. (See notes on P. Massoniana p. 149). 



The specific name densiflora refers to the male catkins, which are 

 clustered into a thick cylindrical spike 2 to 3 inches long. 



Pinus halepensis. — A tree of medium height, with a spreading open 

 head and slender branches covered with smooth cinereous bark. The 

 leaves are from 3 to 5 inches long, slender, and rather light green 

 in colour, clustered at the extremities of the branchlets, not unfre- 

 quently produced in threes, and persistent not more than two years, 

 from which cause the trees have a rather bare and thin appearance. 

 The cones, which are produced while the trees are quite young, are 

 at first acutely conical; from 2$ to 3 inches long, but after the fall 



