PINUS RIGIDA, P. SABINIANA. 169 



resemblance to Pinus rigida of the eastern States; it is also com- 

 monly known in California as " Yellow Pine." 



Pinus rigida,— A medium-sized tree, its habit much modified by 

 the influence of soil and climate ; on the summits of the Alleghany 

 mountains, it is a mere scrub, in more favourable spots it is upwards 

 of 70 feet high. In England it is generally from 30 to 45 feet 

 high, much branched at the top, forming a dense head ; it is also 

 easily distinguished by its very rough dark bark. The leaves are 

 from 3 to 5 inches long, rigid, triquetral, with roughish edges, 

 sharp pointed, and light green. The cones are ovoid, about 3 

 inches long, with the scales terminating in sharp hooked prickles ; 

 they remain on the tree many years. 



Habitat. — North America, the eastern States from New England 

 to Georgia, not extending west of the Alleghany Mountain region. 



Introduced into England about 1759. 



The economic value of Pinus rigida consists chiefly in its resinous 

 products, which are very abundant, whence this tree has obtained the 

 name of " Pitch Pine," a name also often applied to the southern Eed 

 Pine, P. australis. The timber is knotty, heavy, hard, and resinous, but 

 of little value. The growth of P. rigida in England is rather rapid; it 

 is a sturdy accommodating kind, growing in wet damp places where no 

 other Pine will live; it should be planted for landscape purposes only. 



The specific name rigida, " stiff," refers to the leaves, but the 

 appropriateness of the designation is not very manifest. There are 

 other Pines that have stiffer leaves than P. rigida. 



Pinus Sabiniana. — A medium-sized or small tree of spreading 

 straggling habit in its native country, with foliage clustered in double 

 tufts at the extremities of the branches, the young growth of which 

 is covered with a violet glaucous bloom, as in P. macrocarpa, but 

 lighter. In England the trunk grows erect and the branches hori- 

 zontal in direction, but crooked, and always with a bare unfurnished 

 appearance, in consequence of the foliage being persistent but two 

 years. The leaves are from 10 to 12 inches long, rather flaccid, 

 pendulous, slightly twisted, rounded on outer side, with a prominent 

 rib on the inner side, and glaucous bluish-green. The cones are from 

 7 to 9 inches long, and 5 to 7 inches in diameter, very resinous, 

 and composed of large, hard, strong, scales, terminating in a sharp, 



