JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS. 289 



Juniperus occidentalis.— A tall tree or low shrub, according 

 to the situation in which it is growing. In the rich alluvial valley 

 of the Columbia River, where it was discovered by Lewis and 

 Pursh, and called by them J. excelsa, it is a fine erect tree, 

 50 feet high. On the mountain of San Bernardino, in California, 

 where it was found by "William Lobb, and from whose specimens 

 Dr. Lindley described it under the name of /. pyriformis, it is 

 a shrubby bush, 10 to 12 feet high.* In the young state the 

 leaves are in whorls of threes, spreading, sharp pointed, and 

 glaucous; in the adult plant they are short, blunt, imbricated, 

 and closely appressed to the stem. The berries are small, deep 

 purple, and covered with a glaucous bloom. 



Habitat. — North-west America, from the Fraser River to the 

 Sacramento, and from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, but 

 only in different localities within this region. Also east of the 

 Eocky Mountains from Utah to Texas. 



Introduced in 1839.f - 



A variety called utahmsis is abundant in the State of Nevada. 

 It is described by Professor Sargent, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, as 

 a low bushy tree, branching from the ground, with a stout - trunk 

 which rarely exceeds 2 feet in diameter ; it is of exceedingly slow 

 growth owing to the dryness of the climate. Another variety called 

 monosperma occurs at Pike's Peak, Colorado, and extends through 

 western Texas and New Mexico to Arizona. A third variety named 

 conjungens is an important timber tree of western Texas, where it forms 

 forests of considerable extent. 



Juniperus paohyphlcea. — A slender upright tree, of tapering 

 habit, with short erect branches ; the leaves are subulate, almost 

 squamiform, closely imbricated, thick and broad at the base, and 

 sharply pointed. The young growth is very glaucous, which gives 

 the plant quite a whitish appearance. 



Habitat. — The mountains of western New Mexico and Arizona. 



Juniperus pachyphlma is still rare in British gardens, and the above 

 description is only applicable to the few specimens of it which we 

 have seen. It is quite possible that as it becomes more common the 



* Gardeners' Ch/ronicle, 1855, p. 420. 



t Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Trees, p. 1090, but this date is probably incorrect. It was 

 either introduced earlier by Douglas, or later by Hartweg, as there is no record of any 

 trees and shrubs being introduced from California between 1832 and 1848. 



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