482 ANTHROPOLOGY 



Stanley, amongst others, for some reason difficult to understand, set himself 

 with such vehemence some years ago to denounce the use of the term 

 " Bantu " and to deny that there was any homogeneous Negro type which 

 could be divided off from the other Negro families under that designation, 

 that many writers on Africa lost courage, and although it was impossible, 

 in deference to the wishes of Stanley and others, to give up the use of the 

 word '■ Bantu " as representing the most clearly marked and homogeneous 

 division of African languages, the use of the same word to describe a type 

 of Negro like the Zulu Kaffir, native of the Congo, or of South Central 

 Africa was abandoned. 



Recently, however, owing to the researches of Dr. Shrubsall,* who has 

 examined a large number of skulls of Bantu Negroes and has compared them 

 with other sections of the Negro race, such as the people of Ashanti (as 

 representing a West African type), the Nile Negroes, and the Masai, I 

 have come to the conclusion that amongst most of the Negroes who speak 

 Bantu languages there are more physical characteristics shared in common 

 (between, say, -the Muganda and the Zulu, the native of Angola and of 

 Nyasaland), than is the case between any of these people and the folk 

 of West Africa and the Upper Nile. I am therefore encouraged once more to 

 speak of the Bantu type as a physical distinction as well as applying to 

 that sharply defined family of languages. Dr. Shrubsall considers that the 

 average Bantu represents a Negro stock like that of the west coast of Africa, 

 which has received more or less intermingling with negroid races who have 

 invaded the southern half of Africa in ancient and modern times from 

 various points between Somaliland on the east and Senegal on the west. 

 It is probable, however, that the Hamitic intermixture with the full-blooded 

 Negro which has created the modern Bantu type has come almost entirely 

 from the northern parts of the Uganda Protectorate, though it may have 

 penetrated due west to the vicinity of the Cross Eiver (Old Calabar) and 

 south to Zululand. Every now and then there are specimens in average 

 Bantu tribes who resemble Congo Dwarfs, others who are hardly to be told 

 from the most exaggerated type of West African on the coast of Guinea, 

 while others, again, have the clear-cut profile, the finely developed nose and 

 European features of the Hamite. The average Bantu, however, resembles 

 very much the picture which I give here of a Bantu Kavirondo from the 

 Nzoia River. 



The third element in the Uganda population is the Nilotic Negro. 

 This is a tall type of man with long legs but poorly developed calves, 

 rather prominent cheek-bones, but not as a rule a repulsive physiognomy 

 or a great degree of prognathism. The Nile Negro constitutes the bulk 

 of the population in the valley of the White Nile from Lake Albert Nyanza 

 * Of St. Bartholomew's Hospital and the Anthropological Institute. 



