490 ANTHEOPOLOGY 



Kavii-ondo. It is interesting to contrast Count Schweinitz's observations with the above ; 

 he found the distribution in German territory to be — 



It is unfortunately impossible, from the measurements taken in Uganda, to 

 accurately calculate the facial index, but it would appear that the face is longer in 

 the peoples dwelling in the Nile district than in other parts of the Protectorate. The 

 Andorobo also would seem to differ from their neighbours in this respect. 



The transverse prominence of the face is a feature of great importance, but here 

 again the ordinary method of estimating this feature is not available. However, by 

 dividing the distance between the inner angles of the eyes taken by a tape passing over 

 the nose by the distance between the same points taken in a straight line by callipers, 

 some indication of the prominence of the bridge nasal organ is obtained. The results 

 of these observations are recorded under the heading " Bioculo-nasal Index." The results 

 are scarcely sufficiently concordant to allow of much stress to be laid on this index of 

 character, but a few points seem to be emphasised by it. The index is high in the 

 Bahima in accordance with the statement in the preliminary observations. 



The Masai present a much lower figure than might have been expected from a 

 study of their nasal index, which seems to indicate that, although their nose is long and 

 thin relatively to surrounding peoples, it is not very prominent in profile. The Karamojo 

 and Suk, in some respects closely related in physical characters, are by this method 

 sharply separated, the bridge of the nose standing out far more in the former. The 

 Bambute and Banande exhibit, as would be expected, a low index corresponding with 

 absence of bridge referred to in the general description. 



The bigonial index, or relation between the maximum bizygomatic width of the face 

 and the width at the angle of the jaws, divides the series into three groups, one with a 

 very narrow chin comprising the Bambute, Banande, Baamba, and Lendu, in whom the 

 index is under 70 ; the Suk, Kamdsia, and Bahima, with an index in the neighbourhood 

 of 70 ; the remaining individuals having much broader chins. Numerically this index 

 may seem of little importance, but the effect of the width of the lower jaw on the facial 

 ovoid, as seen in full-face view, is extremely marked. In this feature the Dwarf peoples 

 are further removed from the ape than their neighbours. 



The aural index, or relation between the length and breadth of the ear, leads to 

 closely similar grouping, the Bambute, Banande, and Lendu being separated widely from 

 the remainder, with the exception of the Bahima. It is interesting to note that in this 

 feature also the occupants of the forest zone more closely resemble the European and 

 recede further from the simian type than do the surrounding population. Topinard in 

 his text -book points out that this index is lowest among the yellow races, intermediate 

 in Europeans, and at a maximum in the negroes of Africa and Melanesia. In the apes 

 it is still higher than in man. 



The proportions of the body are no less interesting than those of the head. The 

 average height varies from 1452 millimetres in the Bambute to 1847 millimetres in the 

 Bahima, though the tallest individual actually measured (1887 mm.) belonged to 

 the Logbwari tribe. The Masai and Nilotic negroes are decidedly taller than their 

 neighbours, next in order being the Karamojo, the Andorobo, Nandi, and Bantu tribes, 

 forming a group of moderate height intermediate between these and the Dwarf people. 



The span in most cases is relatively greater than in Europeans, probably because of the 

 proportionately greater length of the forearms in the negro races, the Suk forming a 

 notable exception, being somewhat narrow-chested. The umbilicus in nearly all cases 

 is a little above the centre of the body; the Dwarf peoples, however, stand out 

 prominently, for in them the mid point of the body is above, and not below, that 



