560 



PYGMIES AND FOREST NEGROES 



entirely derived from Professor Flower's above-mentioned connnunication. The 

 skeleton now under consideration is that of a fully grown adult. All the teeth are 

 cut, but not worn down ; the occipito-sphenoidal suture is closed, while the coronal, 

 sagittal, and lambdoid sutures are still open. All the epiphyses of the long bones 

 are fully united to the shaft, so that, judging from the standards of oiher races, this 

 individual must have exceeded twenty-five years, but not yet have attained to forty 

 years of age. 



Skull. — The skull is small and slight ; but, though it presents many characters 

 of inferiority, is not infantile in appearance. The glabella and superciliary ridges 

 are fairly prominent, the linese temporales and other muscular attachments well 

 marked, yet not extreme. Seen from above, the cranium is oval in outline, the 

 zygomatic arches just visible, and the parietal eminences prominent. The frontal 

 eminences have fused acros.s the middle line, though the forehead has not quite the 

 bulbous appearance so characteristic of the Negro. There is some thickening of the 

 bone along the line of the former metopic suture. The coronal and sagittal sutures 

 are simple, the lambdoid is more complicated, and there are warmian bones both in 

 the course of this suture and at the asterion or posterior inferior angle of the parietal 

 bone. Seen in profile, the chief features noticed are prognathism, a fair degree .of 

 prominence of the face as a whole, flattening of the bridge of the nose, and the 

 ill-filled character of the cranium, e.specially of the temporal fossa, giving rise to the 

 condition known as stenocrotaphy. The small size of the mastoid processes, together 

 with prominent posterior, temporal, and postglenoid ridges, so that the upper part 

 of the mastoid bone appears deeply channelled, are features common to this skull 

 and those of the Bushmen of South Africa. The occiput is ovoid, and the conceptaculae 

 cerebelli full, so that the skull rests upon them when placed upon a plane surface. 

 The sagittal curve passes upwards from the nasion over a moderately developed 

 glabella, then rises nearly vertically over the anterior half of the frontal bone, bends 

 gently round to the bregma, and runs nearly horizontally along the anterior half of 

 the parietal bone. Behind this point the curve slopes downwards and backwards, 

 being distinctly flattened in the region of the obelion. The occipital region is prominent 

 and ovoid, the inion and occipital curved lines clear but slight, and the whole bone 

 smooth and not greatly roughened by muscular attachments. The percentage distri- 

 bution of the components of this curve (the total curve = 100) is shown in the following 

 table compared with the average distribution in other and possibly allied races : — 



The cranial capacity, 1400 cc, is moderate, approximately that of the Manbettu, 

 but more than that of the other Pygmy races. 



s ? 



Bushmen . 1330 1260 



Akkas . . 1100 1070 



Andamanese . 1240 1130 



