MASAI, TURKANA, STJK, NANDI, ETC. 857 



themselves to the pastoral ]Masai, and more or less in company with that 

 proud people have extended their journeys at times near to Oakland on 

 the north and to German East Africa on the south. The language 

 ordinarily spolcen by the Andoroho is at most only a dialect of Nandi, but 

 in physical type the Andorobo are obviously a mixture of many different 

 negro races. Though there is more homogeneity among the Nandi 

 peoples, even they, according to Dr. Shrubsall, exhibit so much varip.tion 

 in their cranial characteristics that they represent the incomplete fusion 

 of something like four stocks— the Nile Negro, the Masai, the Bantu, and 

 some Pygmy element, possibly allied to the Bushmen of South Africa. 

 There may even be a dash of a fifth element — the Gala. Among the 

 Nandi one sees faces occasionally of almost Caucasian outline. The Lumbwa 

 branch is a handsome people of tall stature. The Elgonyi of South Elgon 

 are slightly more Bantu in physique ; the Sabei likewise, though there 

 are occasionally faces among them that recall the Gala. Occasionally 

 among the Nandi proper dwarfish types are encountered with strong brow 

 ridges. 



The Andoroho tend as a race towards short Stature, but their 

 facial type varies so much that ^ it ranges between something very like 

 the Bushman and individuals recalling the handsome features of the 

 Somali. On the whole, the Andorobo and the scarcely distinguishable 

 Elgunono must be considered to have absorbed a larger proportion of the 

 pre-existing Dwarf race than the Nandi mountaineers.- The Andorobo 

 were probably formed during a relati\ely ancient invasion of Eastern Africa 

 by the forerunners of the Masai, who found much of the country east of 

 the Victoria Nyanza peopled by a race akin to the Bushmen-Hottentots. 

 Traces of this race may be seen farther south in the Sandawi people in 

 German Iranga. The Sandawi still speak a language which in its 

 phonology resembles closely the Hottentot-Bushman, inasmuch as it 

 possesses the same clicks and gutturals. . I do not know whether any 

 actual relationship has been pointed out in the vocabulary. The h^andawi 

 are not particularly like the Bushmen in their physique, but more resemble 

 the Nandi. Other observers than myself have been struck by the 

 resemblance to the Bushman in individuals of these helot races which more 

 or less accompany the Masai. 



An interesting passage 'on the subject may be seen in Von Hbhnel's 

 narrative ,6f Count Teleki's discovery of Lakes Rudolf and Stephanie 

 (vol. i. p. 318). I am beginning to entertain the opinion myself that 

 the first inhabitants of Africa south of the Sahara were a dwarfish Negro 

 race, one half of which (the ancestors of the Bushmen-Hottentots) occupied 

 the more open, grassy regions of Eastern Africa south of Abyssinia, while 

 the other half (the ancestors of the Congo Pygmies) stole into the dense 



