198 THE PEACH AND NBOTABINE. 



permanently ; but the points of moat of the leaders are also more or 

 leas depressed or waved. This adds elegance to the trees, and has also 

 certain physiological merits, which probably add to their health, 

 fertility, and stability. A well balanced circulation is the highest 



Fis. 23. 

 security for health in trees as well as men. There can be no donbt these 

 curved lines tend to this result. Each branch has a fairer chance of 

 equal supplies than where a vertical main channel or trunk receives all at 

 first, and becomes the distributor to others afterwards. A semi-pendu- 

 lous position is also favourable to fertility. This fact may be said to be 



established by experience, and is very generally adopted in the weeping 

 conical, or qneuoniUe training of pears or other trees. The dependence 

 of the wood checks at least for a time the flow of the sap, and thus far 

 favours or heightens fertility. 



Hayward'a curvilinear fan or horizontal training, for it may be either, 

 (Figs. 24, 25, 26, and 27), originated and is advocated on the ground of 

 insuring an equal distribution of sap both in its volume and its force to all 



