17 
graduated glass feeder consists of a glass jar which when in use 
is inverted over a tin plate inserted in a hollowed-out wooden 
stage (Fig. 11); the jar is closed by a metal screw cap, in which 
are pierced nine holes, one or more of which may, by turning the 
jar, be exposed at will over a curved slot cut in the tin plate, 
the number of holes exposed at any time being indicated by a 
pointer. The round tin feeder (Fig. 11) is a thoroughly good 
one, especially for quick feeding. It consists of a tin cylinder, 
of about 1} pint capacity, so constructed that when placed over 
a hole in the quilt, the bees obtain access to the syrup by passing 
up a tube in the centre of the feeder. It can be readily filled 
on removing the lid. 
Beat in with a hammer the bottom of a lever-lid one pound tin, 
so as to provide a 3-inch deep space under 
39. Cheap Feeder the tin. Bore two or three very small 
for Slow Feeding. holes in the bottom of the tin about the 
centre with a very fine awl or the point of 
a darning needle, each hole just large enough to permit one drop 
of syrup to pass in every two seconds. When in use, place the 
tin over a hole on the quilt, and pack around it. To refill the 
tin, do not remove it, but remove the lid, fill, and then press the 
lid down again tightly. The vacuum which will be created will 
prevent the syrup from flowing out until drawn off by the bees. 
Use an ordinary one or two pound glass jam jar, the mouth of 
which should be covered by a piece of 
40. Cheap Feeder butter muslin tied on after filling the jar 
for Quick Feeding. with syrup. Make a wooden stage to hold 
the mouth of the inverted jar. This may 
be done by cutting a circular hole a little wider than the mouth 
of the jar out of two pieces of wood, each about eight inches 
square, then place a piece of perforated zinc rather larger than 
the holes, between the boards, and tack the two boards firmly 
together so that the hole in one board shall be exactly over that 
in the other, and that the zinc shall cover the entire hole. When 
required for use, the jar containing syrup is inverted on to the 
zinc, and the whole stage is placed over a hole cut in the quilt 
(102). 
The super-clearer (Fig. 1) is a close sheeted frame of wood, of 
such dimensions that when placed under a 
41. Super-clearer. section-crate (29) or doubling-box (81) it is 
impossible for any bees in the crate or 
doubling-box to pass therefrom except through a trap bee-escape 
fitted in the centre of the frame, through which bees can freely 
pass from the crate or doubling-box to the body-box or crate of 
sections on which the super-clearer has been placed, but through 
which they cannot return into the doubling-box or crate which 
it is desired to clear. The trap which has been in general use 
for some time is known as the “ Porter bee-escape”’; it has 
proved thoroughly effective. Another very good form of bee- 
escape has been introduced by the Irish Bee-keepers’ Federa- 
2 
