18 
tion. Another trap with four exits may be used; it permits 
of clearing supers more rapidly than when a single trap is fitted. 
When the super-clearer is in use, it should be placed with the 
round entry hole to the bee-escape, upwards, under the crate 
of sections to be cleared. 
The cone bee-escape (Fig. 12) consists of two perforated brass 
cones, flanged at the base. They are fitted 
42. Cone Bee-escape. to the roof, at the front ventilating hole ; 
one is inserted through the hole from inside, 
the cone projecting in front, the flange being tacked to the 
inner side of the roof-front, while the second cone is tacked to 
the outer edge of the same hole, thus projecting immediately 
in front of the inner cone, leaving a space equal to the thickness 
of the wood between the apertures of the cones; this permits 
bees to have free egress from the hive, but prevents the ingress 
of bees or wasps. A single cone as fitted on some hives permits 
the ingress of wasps, and to some extent of bees. 
The subduing cloth (Figs. 1 and 21) is used for subduing bees ; 
it should be made of coarse canvas, gar- 
43. Subduing dener’s scrim, or some similar material. 
Cloth. Scrim possesses the merit of permitting the 
bees to be more easily seen through it than 
is possible when a material of closer texture is used. The cloth 
should be 18 inches long by 17 inches wide, with a broad 
hem on the 17-inch side, wide enough to permit of the insertion 
therein of a light stick about 17 inches long, a full length of 18 
inches being left exclusive of the hem; a cloth thus fitted, 
greatly facilitates manipulation, especially when only one hand 
is available for that purpose. When required for use the 
cloth should be thoroughly damped with subduing solution 
(180). When not in use it may be preserved in a damp con- 
dition, if kept in a tin canister or other suitable vessel with a 
close-fitting lid. 
The smoker recommended for use is of the ‘‘ Bingham ” pattern 
_ (Fig. 11), and consists of a small hand 
44. Smoker. bellows attached to a tin cylinder in which 
is placed the material to be burnt; the 
cylinder is fitted with a conical nozzle, through which the 
smoke is ejected. The best fuel is dry rotten wood, as it leaves 
little residue except ash, and smoulders well. Brown corrugated 
paper is the next best material; when used it should be loosely 
rolled up. Rags should not be used, as they tend to foul and 
clog the apertures in the smoker. The wood or paper should 
be lighted and thrust smouldering into the cylinder, the burning 
end downwards. The fuel will continue to smoulder when not 
in use, if the smoker is placed nozzle upwards. If the smoker 
becomes clogged, the cylinder should be detached from the 
bellows, to which it is fastened by screws, and opened so that 
the tube connecting the bellows and cylinder may be cleaned 
