23 
(15.) One bottle of Calvert’s No. 5 carbolie acid, or other 
subjugator ; one bottle of Izal. 
(16.) One smoker. 
(17.) One super-clearer, fitted with Porter or other’ bee- 
escape. 
(18.) One queen cage. 
IV. SUBDUING, CONTROLLING, AND HANDLING 
BEES. 
Bee stings are to be avoided not only on account of the pain 
which they produce, but because if one bee 
59. Stings. uses its sting, it tends to irritate the others. 
It is, therefore, manifest that the bee- 
keeper should not only take suitable precautions to avoid being 
stung, but the bees should also be handled in such a manner 
as to irritate them as little as possible. 
The beekeeper when manipulating bees should wear a veil (45) 
and sleevelets (46). A further precaution 
60. Protection from which may often be advantageously 
Stings. adopted is to draw the socks over the base 
of the trousers; a hat with a widish brim 
should be worn, in order to prevent the veil lying against the 
head ; any light-coloured hat is preferable to a black felt hat, 
which bees appear to dislike. 
When manipulating a stock in a hive the frames of which are 
parallel to the front, as in the “C. D. B.” 
61. Position of hive, the operator should stand at the back 
Operator. of the hive (Fig. 18): under no conditions 
should the operator stand in front of the 
hive, as bees are irritated by meeting an obstacle in their line 
of flight. 
The operator must invariably bear in mind that success in 
manipulating bees can only be obtained by 
62. Handling Bees. performing all operations gently and quietly, 
avoiding any rough or hasty movements 
tending to irritate the bees or jar the hive. Carelessness in 
lifting or returning a frame, or removing a section crate, often 
results in crushing a bee and thereby giving cause for the first 
sting, which may lead to the irritation of the whole stock. A 
rapid motion of the hand may also produce the same effect. 
When bees appear to be irritated and disposed to attack, the 
operator should remain quite quiet for a moment or two; this 
will probably pacify them. When handling a frame forexamina- 
tion, it should be held so that the comb will always hang per- 
pendicularly ; if the frame is held in such a position that the 
comb would lie more or less horizontally, the comb, if soft or 
heavy, would tend to bend or break away from the frame: a 
suitable and convenient method of handling a frame is indi- 
cated by the positions illustrated in Fig. 20. If the frame 
