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XXII. CHILLED BROOD AND FOUL BROOD. 
Chilled brood, that is to say, brood which has been killed by cold, 
may be produced by any cause which results 
164. Chilled Brood. in the temperature of any portion of the 
brood nest being too low. It may be the 
result of injudicious brood spreading, want of covering, in- 
sufficient nurses, exposing frames of brood to cold winds, 
especially in the early spring, driving bees off brood frames by 
the injudicious use of disinfectants under particular frames, 
adding frames of brood to weak stocks that have not bees enough 
to cover the brood, leaving the floor board ventilator open when 
the weather is too cold to justify doing so, putting on more super 
crates than the stock is capable of dealing with, sudden and 
extreme changes of the weather from heat to cold, or by any 
other means suddenly reducing the temperature of the brood 
nest too much. Chilled brood, which is sometimes mistaken for 
foul brood, differs from the latter in the following respects. 
The odours peculiar to foul brood are absent. If the capping 
of cells containing chilled brood is removed during the breeding 
season, the dead bees will be found in natural positions, slightly 
shrunken, black at the head in early stages, and finally becoming 
black all over. The larve turn greyish at first, and afterwards 
become almost black. Chilled larve are not often met with 
in a strong stock, as the bees will rapidly remove them ; a strong 
stock requiring room will rapidly remove chilled brood from cells 
which have been uncapped, whereas they will not usually under 
similar circumstances remove diseased brood affected by foul 
brood. 
A diseased condition known as ‘‘ Pickled Brood ”’ is frequently 
mistaken for “‘ Foul Brood ” or ‘‘ Chilled Brood,” from which it 
may be distinguished by the following characteristics : if the 
larva of pickled brood is pulled out of its cell by a pin or match, 
it has rather the appearance of liquid matter, and if the brood in 
a capped cell is similarly withdrawn the abdomen will be found 
to contain liquid matter, and the head will probably be dark 
brown in colour as distinguishable from the almost black colour 
of ‘‘ chilled’? brood; there is further a total absence of the 
stickiness and peculiar gluey odour which is characteristic of 
American foul brood. 
It is provided by the Bee Pest Prevention (Ireland) Act, 1908, 
that ‘if any person keeping or having 
165. Foul Brood. charge of bees becomes aware that the bees, 
or any of them, are affected with the disease 
known as Bee Pest or Foul Brood, he shall forthwith give notice 
of that fact to the Local Authority of the district in which the 
bees are kept; such notice should be given in writing to the 
Executive Officer of the Local Authority, ¢.e., the Secretary of 
the County Committee of Agriculture.” 
Foul brood is by far the worst disease to which bees are 
subject in this country. It is extremely infectious, and because 
