73 
of diseased brood is usually indented, often perforated, and 
generally darker in colour than that of healthy brood (Figs. 
51 and 52). 
Some other readily recognisable symptoms vary somewhat in 
the “ European ” and “‘ American ” types of disease; they are 
as follows :— 
European. 
Mainly affects unsealed 
brood. 
Larve when first affected 
generally have a yellow spot 
on the body, near the head. 
Dead larve are first cream 
colour, then yellowish, then 
brownish, and finally almost 
black. 
The cell contents do not be- 
come sticky, or but slightly so ; 
they are rather watery; and 
the dead grub gradually shri- 
vels up. 
The odour in early stages is 
sourish, but in later stages be- 
comes heavier and more foetid, 
but the markedly gluey odour 
American. 
Mainly affects sealed brood. 
Dead larve are first of a 
light coffee colour which gra- 
dually deepens. 
The cell contents become a 
sticky mass in which the grub 
is not distinguishable. If a 
wooden match is inserted into 
this gluey mass, and then with- 
drawn, the stickiness of the 
adhering matter will permit of 
its being drawn out for 4 inch, 
1inch, or more, before it breaks 
off. 
The odour is heavy and 
foetid, rather resembling that of 
glue. This gluey odour is a 
marked symptom. 
of American foul brood is ab- 
sent. 
For Instructions as to treatment, read Leaflet No. 48 (revised), 
issued by the Department of Agriculture and Technical 
Instruction for Ireland. 
XXIII. ARTIFICIAL SWARMING. 
Under certain conditions artificial swarming may be practised 
with advantage by experienced bee-keepers. 
If it is desired to increase the stocks in the 
apiary or to provide swarms for sale, the 
bee-keeper may select the most suitable 
stocks for the purpose, and, subject to their being in fit condition 
for artificial swarming, may select the most convenient time for 
that operation. If a stock shows that it is in fit condition for 
swarming and is going to swarm (92), and that an increase of 
stock is desired, but that swarming is prevented by unfavourable 
weather, an artificial swarm may advantageously be made, as 
the bees will then settle down steadily to work, and valuable 
time will be gained, and the possible loss of the swarm may thus 
169. Artificial 
Swarming. 
