Nests in Holes in Trees, Stumps, or Logs 



yellow beneath ; under parts light pinkish brown, shading 

 into whitish on the belly, with numerous black spots ; black 

 crescent across upper part of breast. 



Adult ? — Has no black below the eye. Length — 12.00. 



Breeding Range — Throughout the Eastern States. 



The eggs are white, and vary greatly in number, from 4 to 

 9 being common numbers ; they are laid in holes excavated by 

 the birds themselves, in natural cavities, and in deserted holes 

 made either by their own species or by other woodpeckers. Any 

 tree may be chosen, but the apple tree is perhaps the favourite. 

 Size — 1. 10 X .90. 



The Golden-winged Woodpecker is one of the most hand- 

 somely coloured and best known of the Eastern woodpeckers, 

 nearly every orchard containing a pair or more during the breed- 

 ing season, which begins early in May. The nests may be found 

 within four feet of the ground, but more frequently from ten to 

 twenty-five and sometimes as much as sixty feet high ; dead 

 stumps or almost any sort of tree may be chosen. Probably no 

 other woodpecker found in the Eastern States will use an old 

 deserted nest ; the golden-winged, however, does so frequently. 

 When a new hole is to be made, both male and female take turns 

 at excavating, the work being done at odd times during the day, 

 and not only in the early morning and evening, which are the 

 working times of the downy woodpecker. This unfortunate 

 bird is subjected to various nicknames, some of which are mis- 

 nomers, such as the name " Yellovv'-hammer, " which is the 

 name of a European bunting (Emberiza citrinella) ; and some of 

 the names given him, such as "Flicker," "High-hole," "Wood- 

 cock," " Pigeon Woodpecker," and " Clape," are not altogether 

 appropriate, and certainly not euphonious. 



The nesting season near New York begins early in May. 



452. CrestecJ or Great Crested Flycatcher: Myiarchus 

 crinitus (Linn.) 



Adult — Upper parts olive brown or gray ; tail and edges of pri- 

 maries chestnut ; feathers on crown rather long, forming a 

 short crest ; under parts pale grav on throat and breast, 

 shading into pale lemon yellow on the belly. Length — 9.01. 



Breeding Range — Throughout the Eastern States. 



105 



