DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES 197 



male-pores are a segment behind those of the other species; it is, however, not 

 to my mind certain that there is not an error of one segment, and that M. 

 houteni agrees with the remaining species of the genus in the position of the 

 male-pores between segments x/xi. Rosa. (20), arguing from the preconceived 

 idea that Moniligaster would be found to present the typical characters of earth- 

 worms, suggested that Hobst's determination was probably right; but at that time 

 I had fixed the position of the apertures in question as lying between segments ix/x, 

 a position which I subsequently stated to be an error ; as a matter of fact, the 

 setae of the first setigerous segment (the second) are so very small in M. harwdli 

 that I at first overlooked them ; in M. hakamensis they seem to have vanished 

 altogether. Rosa's own investigations upon M. beddardii (11), and those of Benham 

 upon M. indicus, confirmed this location of the male-pores. 



The alimentary system of Moniligaster is remarkable for the fact that there are 

 at least three gizzards, which lie in as many consecutive segments at the end of 

 the oesophagus ; the oesophagus is rather wide in calibre, and has no trace of any 

 calciferous pouches ; there does not even appear to be any vascular part of it, such 

 as apparently does duty in so many earth-worms for the otherwise missing glands, 

 except apparently in M. japonicus. 



The reprodvictive organs consist of (i) a single pair of testes in segment x, 

 depending from the anterior wall of this segment ; they are enclosed within the 

 (2) sperm-sacs ; the sperm-sacs in M. barwelli, lie partly in the ninth and partly 

 in the tenth segment; in M. bahaviensis and, apparently, in M. houteni they 

 are restricted to the tenth segment; in If. viridis they lie in the eleventh; 

 their cavity is broken up by trabeculae in M. indicus, but not in the species 

 investigated by myself, and they completely envelop the testes, as already men- 

 tioned, and (3) the funnels of the sperm-ducts ; the latter belong, therefore, to 

 the tenth segment, and lie in the same segment as that which bears the external 

 pore of the sperm-ducts — a very unusual state of affairs ; the sperm-ducts are, when 

 fully mature, long and much coiled ; their appearance, indeed, as I have already 

 pointed out, suggests the sperm-ducts of the Enchytraeidae ; these coiled ducts lie 

 partly in the tenth and partly in the ninth segments ; it may be that this peculiarity 

 is confined to the species, M. bahrnnensis, in which I have described it; but it 

 seems more likely that is not the case, but that the sperm-ducts, when the animal 

 is fully mature, have the same great length. (4) The sperm-ducts open into 

 a spermiducal gland, which consists of two parts ; the distal part is a sac which 

 has very muscular walls, and of which the epithelium is reflected over a protrusible 

 penis— precisely like that of the Tubificidae ; into this opens a sac with a lining of 



