192 



BRITISH PLANTS 



II. Succulent Fruits.— 1. Formed from the carpels oiJy, 

 or, if the receptacle takes part, it is not predominant : 



(a) Fruit not capable of being broken open — e.g.. 

 Drupe, a usually one-seeded stone-fruit. 



(6) Fruit easily broken open and seeds liberated — 

 e.g.. Berry, usually many-seeded. 



Fio. 96. — ScnizocARp (Ckbmo- 

 ^AKP) OP Fennel, showing the 

 Two Meeicabps split apart. 



Fig. 97. — Sohmocabp of 

 Mallow. 



a, calyx. 



In the drupe (Fig. 98) — e.g., plum — the pericarp is 

 differentiated into three layers : the outer skin (epicarp) 

 tough, and covered with wax or hairs ; the middle part 

 fleshy (mesocarp) ; the inner (endocarp) hard and stony, 



Fia. 98. — Deupe of Peach out lonqitudlnally. 

 a, outer skin ; b, fleshy portion ; c, stone ; d, seed. 



enclosing one and sometimes two seeds. In the black- 

 berry and raspberry the fruit is an aggregate of little 

 drupes, the product of a single flower ; the ovary consists 

 of a number of free carpels, each of which separately 

 becomes a drupe. In the mulberry, on the other hand, 



