CENTRIFUGAL C'REA.MIXG 157 



invented a separator similar in construction to tlic hollow bowl — 

 a more recent t}'pe. This machine did not revolve at so ra[)id a 

 rate as our modern machines do, nor did it have arrangements for 

 continuous inflow and discharge. It was intermittent in its 

 work, and it was necessary to sto]) at intervals to remo\-e the 

 cream and skim-milk. The 3X"ar 1879 marked the greatest 

 ad^■ancement toward the Jicrfection of modern separators, in the 

 appearance of the Danish Weston, invented in Denmark, and 

 the De La\al, in\x'nted in Sweden during that year. This led 

 to continuous milk and cream discharges, and consequent]}- also 

 to the continuous inflow of whole milk. These machines were 

 of the hollowdjowl constructiijn. 



Modern Separators.— Since the \'ear when the Danish Weston 

 and the De Ta\al machines were in^'ented, many different 

 types of separators with different contri\-ances within the bowl 

 have been put upon the market. Baron Bechtelsheim, of 

 Munich, is giA'en the credit of ha\-ing discovered that certain 

 contri\-ances on the inside of the machine increase the efliciencA 

 and capacit}' for skimming. This disco\'er)' was made, accord- 

 ing to J. H. ;\Ionrad,' in 1S90. This in^■ention was bought b} 

 the De Laval Compan\'. 



The principal part of practicall}' all the separators is a bo\d 

 rotating in a vertical position, with or without contriA-ances 

 inside the bowl. ^Machines haA'ing a bowl rotating in a horizontal 

 position are, so far as the authors know, not in use at the present 

 time. Such a machine was once manufactured at Hamburg, 

 Germany, and was called " Peterson's Centrifugal Machine.'' 

 .\nother Gemian machine, called " The Page," was also manu- 

 factured in the horizontal bowl st) le. 



From the above it will be noticed that four separate steps 

 are recognizable in the evolution and improvement of separators: 



1. Revolving Bucket Centrifuge; 



2. Intermittent Hollow Bowl; 



3. Continuous Hollow Bowl; 



4. Continuous Separator with contrivances within the Bowl. 

 The science and practice of separation of milk and cream have 



' Dairy JlessciiRer, Jan., 1892, d. 9. 



