176 FARM SEPARATORS 



bulls are used for this purpose. The process does not usually 

 last very long, and the work is not considered heavy. Steam is 

 good power, but it is hardly ever obtainaljle on the farm. 

 Small gasoline-engines are also used very successfully. 



The machine should always run smoothly in order to get 

 efficient skimming. It should never be stopped and started with 

 a jerk. If it is started slowly there will be less danger of breaking 

 any o*' the gearing parts. The bowl and insirle parts should be 

 kept from rusting as described previously on page 167. The 

 bearings should be well oiled. It is a good plan to h.'d\e an extra 

 bearing or two on hand, so that if one happens to wear out 

 another one can be put in. The bearings should be cleaned at 



Progeny of a 

 single gt^im in 

 twelve hours 



Fig. 50. — Showing the effect of cooHno; milk on the Rrowth of bacteria. The bene- 

 ficial results of early chilling are rcadil.N' apparent. (From Bui. I12, Wis 1 



intervals. When kerosene is occasiontilh' used on the bearings 

 they do not need to be cleaned so often, Ijecause it keeps them 

 from gumming. The machine should be turned at the pro])er 

 speed, as indicated in the directions. A thicker cream will 

 result from rapid turning; consequently more skim-milk will be 

 obtained. Slow turning causes inefficient skimming and thinner 

 cream. 



Care of Cream on the Farm. — The first step in the production 

 of good cream is clean milking. This c;in be accomplished only 

 when barn, cows, and utensils are clean. It is a good plan to 

 dampen a cloth, tmd wi])e olT the cow's udder and sides previous 

 to each milking. The milker should never wet his hands while 



