8 KEY TO THE FAMILIES 



stamens 3-6. 



Ovary and fruit superior. 



Stamens dissimilar, or only 3 with fertile anthers; endosperm 

 mealy. 

 Calyx and corolla of free, very different members; stamens 



free. 16. Commelinaceae 49 



Oalyx and corolla of quite similar members and partly united ; 

 stamens partly adnate to the perianth. 



17. PONTEDERIACEAE 49 



Stamens alike and fertile; endosperm fleshy, horny, or cartilagin- 

 ous. 

 Styles present, distinct or united ; stigmas terminal. 



Styles distinct; capsule septicidal. 18. Mblanthaceae 50 



Styles united, often very short or obsolete during anthesis. 

 Petals and sepals very unlike; capsules septicidal. 



24. Calochoktaceae S6 



Petals and sepals nearly alike; capsules locullcidal. 



Sepals and petals chaffy. 19. Juncaeae 50 



Sepals and petals not chaffy. 



Herbs with bulbs, corms or rootstocks. 



Plants with bulbs, or corms, or short erect 

 rootstocks. 

 Flowers in umbels, at first included in and 

 later subtended by a scarious invo- 

 lucre. 20. Alliaceae 52 

 Flowers solitary or racemose, or in Leuco- 

 crinum by shortening of the stem 

 the inflorescence umbel-like, without 

 involucre. 21. Ltliaceae. 54 

 Plants with elongate horizontal rootstocks. 



22. CONVALLARIACEAE .")5 



Shrubby plants with woody caudices, or trees. 



23. Drac.venaceae 5U 

 Styles wanting. 



Flowers perfect; plants not climbing. 



Leaves and bracts alternate; plants with bulbs; fruit 



a capsule. 24. Calochortaoeae 56 



Leaves or leaf-like bracts whorled ; plants with rootstock ; 



fruit a berry. 25. Thilliaceae 50 



Flowers dioecious; plants climbing or trailing. 



26. Smii.acaceae .50 



Ovary and fruit wholly or partly inferior . 



Flowers regular; androeciiim not reduced; stamens 3 or more. 

 Aquatic plants, dioecious or polygamous. 



11. Elodiaceae 21 



Land-plants with perfect flowers. 



Stamens 6 ; leaves not equitant. 27. Amaryllid aceae 56 



Stamens 3 ; leaves equitant. 28. Iridaceae 57 



Flowers irregular, perfect; terrestrial or epiphytic plants; stamens 



1 or 2. 29. Orchidaceae 57 



Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES. 

 A. Corolla wanting. 



Z. Calyx wanting, at least in the staxninate flowers. 



Herbs. 



Land plants; styles distinct, cleft or foliaceous; ovaries 3-celled. 



74. Edphorbiaceae loO 

 Aquatic plants; styles simple, united into pairs; ovaries 4-ceIled. 



75. Callitrichaceae 152 

 Trees or shrubs. 



Fruit l-seeded; seeds without tufts of hairs. 



Fruit a nut or an achene. 33. Corylaceae 65 



Fruit a drupe or a samara. 101. Oleaceae 179 



Fruit many-seeded; seeds each with a tuft of hairs. 



30. Salicaceae 60 

 II. Calyx present at least in the staminate or In the perfect flowers. 



1. Flowers, at least the staminate, in aments or ament-like spikes. 



Plant not parasitic; fruit a nut or an achene. 



Staminate and pistillate flowers both in aments; fruit not with a bur 

 or cup. 

 Staminate flowers 2 or 3 together in the axils of the bracts, each 

 with a calyx; pistillate flowers without a calyx. 



32. BETULACEAE 64 

 staminate flowers solitary in the axils of each bract, without a 



calyx; pistillate flowers with a calyx. 



33. Corylaceae 65 

 Staminate flowers in aments; pistillate ones often solitary. 



Fruit a nut, at least partly enclosed in a cup or bur. 



31. FAGACE.iE 63 

 Fruit drupaceous, not enclosed in a cup or bur. 



(.Garrya in) 95. Cornaceae. 173 



