PLANTAIN FAMILY 



219 



BraictB neither aristate nor follaceous, slightly if at all exceeding the flowers. 

 Bracts linear-subulate ; spike long-cylindrlc. 10. P. Purshii. 



Bracts ovate, obtuse; spike globose to oblong. 11. P. scariosa. 



Flowers subdioecious or polygamo-dioecious : corolla in the fertile plant remaining closed 

 or early closing over the capsule; stamens 2; leaves filiform. 12. P. elongata. 



Family 122. RUBIACEAE. Madder Family. 



Leaves oppo.site: corolla funnelform. I.KJELLOGGIA. 

 Leaves apparently verticillate; corolla rotate. 



Flowers 3— 4-merous, u-sually white; fruit dry. 2. Galium. 



Flowers 5-merous, yellow; fruit baccate. 3. Eubia. 



in diameter; flowers 

 2. G. Vaillantii. 

 10. G. fiaviflorum. 



1. EELLOGGIA Torr. l. K. galioides. 



2. GAlIUM L. Bedstbaw, Cleavers. 



Flowers perfect: fruit hirsute with imcinnate hairs, or glabrous. 

 Annuals. 



Stem coarse, reclining; leaves 6-8 in the whorls. 

 Leaves linear or oblanceolate. 



Leaves 2-7 cm. long; nutlets when ripe 3-5 mm. in diameter; flowers white. 



1. G. Aparine. 

 Leaves 0.5-2 cm. long; nutlet when ripe 2-3 mm 

 ochroleucous. 

 Leaves elliptic. 

 Stem slender, erect or ascending; leaves 2-4 in the whorls. 

 Leaves ovate or oblong, 5-7 mm. long; fruit nearly sessile. 



3. G. proliferum. 

 Leaves linear-oblong or linear, often 10-20 mm. long; fruit distinctly peduncled. 



4. G. MfoHum. 

 Perennials. 



Leaves not cuspidate-pointed. 



Stem stout; leaves thick, 3-nerved. 5. G. boreaU. 



Stem very slender; leaves l-nerved. 



Leaves mostly 4 in the whorls, 5-15 mm. long. 



Leaves obovate to broadly oblong-lanceolate, somewhat fleshy. 

 , Corolla-lobes almost 1 mm. long; pedicels and generally also the 



stem glabrous. 6. G. Brandegei. 



Corolla-lobes about 0.5 mm. long; pedicels and stem more or less 

 scabrous. 7. G. subbiflorum. 



Leaves Unear-oblong or Unear-oblanceolatc. 8. G. trifidum. 



Leaves of the stem mostly 5-6 in the whorls, 15-30 mm. long. 



9. G. columbianum. 

 Leaves cuspidate-pointed. 



Fruit uncinate long-hispid; stem glabrous or sparingly hirsute or bristly; 

 inflorescence axillary, mostly simple. 

 Stem retrorse-bristly; pedicels scarcely exceeding the bracts. 



10. G. flaviflorum. 

 Stem glabrous or sparingly hirsute; pedicels much exceeding the small 

 bracts. 11. G. triflorum. 



Fruit minutely hispiduloiis or granular-scabrous ; stem scabrous on the angles ; 

 inflorescence pauicled. 

 Leaves firm, witn strong midrib, lanceolate or oblanceolate; pedicels in 



fruit somewhat spreading. 12. G. asperulum. 



Leaves thin, oblong, rounded and mucronate at the apex; pedicels very 

 fine, in fruit spreading at right angles. 13. G. filipes. 



Flowers dioecious, in small cymes; fruit with long, not uncinate hairs 

 Leaves linear. 14. 



Leaves ovate or lanceolate. 

 Plant glabrous or nearly so. 



Leaves of the stem lanceolate to ovate, 8-15 mm. long. 15. 

 Leaves broadly ovate, 5-8 mm. long. 16. 



Plant decidedly puberalent. 



Plant pruinose-puberulent; leaves broadly ovate, not cuspidate. 



17. G, multiflorum. 

 Plant hispidulous-puberulent; leaves lanceolate, cuspidate. 



18. G. stellatum. 



perennials. 

 G. coloradense. 



Watsoni. 

 Bloomeri. 



3. RUBIA L. Madder. 



1. B. Hnctorum. 



Family 123. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckle Family. 



style deeply 3-5-cleft; shrubs or trees with compound cymose inflorescence and drupace- 

 ous fruit. 

 Leaves pinnate; ovary 3-5-ceIled, each cell with one ovule. 1. Sambuctts. 



Leaves simple; ovary 1-celled and 1-ovuled. 2. Vlbtibntjm. 



Style slender, undivided ; stigma capitate. 



Trailing evergreen herb; flowers long-peduncled, geminate; stamens 4, didynamou.s. 



3. Linnaea. 



