228 CARDUACEAE 



Herbs, if at all shrubby only at the base; bracts more or less scarious. 



Receptacle chafly; style or style-branches of the hermaphrodite sterile flowers not 

 truncate. 

 Pistillate flowers all subtended by paleae and without pappus. 



Paleae in fruit enclosing the achenes and falling off with them, tipped with a 



hyaline appendage. 



Heads ovoid; paleae subtending the pistillate flowers boat-shaped, with 



erect conspicuous . hyaline tips, those of the 4-5 hermaphrodite 



flowers barely concave or plane. > 



Paleae subtending the central flowers hyaline and deciduous: bracts 



of the Involucres in several series. 50. Stylocline. 



Paleae subtending the central flowers coriaceous-herbaceous, ending in 

 a hooked spine, persistent; bracts of the involucres none beside the 

 paleaceous ones enclosing the marginal flowers. 



51. Ancibthocarphds. 

 Heads globose; paleae subtending the pistillate flowers cucuUate-saccate 



and utricular, the apex introrse and the ovate appendage mflexed or 

 porrect; paleae and pappus of the hermaphrodite flowers lacking. 



52. PSILOCAKPUS. 



Paleae in fruit open and merely subtending the achenes, without a hyaline 

 appendage. 53. Diapebi.4.. 



Pistillate flowers of two kinds, the outer with, the inner without pappus, the latter 

 and the central fertile hermaphrodite flowers not subtended by individual 

 paleae, but the cluster surrounded by a ring of open scarious paleae, the 

 outer subtended by boat-shaped ones. 54. Oglifa. 



Receptacle not chafly; style or style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers mostly 

 truncate. 

 Plants dioecious, or the pistillate heads with a few hermaphrodite flowers in the 

 center. 

 Pappus-bristle.s of the pistillate flowers falling off in a ring; central hermaph- 

 rodite flowers none. 55. Antennarli. 

 Pappus-bristles of the pistillate flowers falUng off separately ; central hermaph- 

 rodite flowers present In the pistillate heads. 56. Anaphalis. 

 Plants not dioecious; flowers fertile throughout the heads, hermaphrodite m the 

 middle, surrounded by pistillate ones. 57. Gnaphalium. 



Tribe 5. ADENOCAULEAE. 

 Leaves cordate, white-woolly beneath. 58. Adenocaulon. 



Tribe 6. HELIANTHEAE. 

 A. Bracts (at least the outer series) not enclosing the achenes of the rays; plants not 

 glandular-viscid. 



I. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite but sterile. 



Marginal pistillate flowers, with conspicuous rays. 



Achenes not flattened ; ligules in ours white ; involucres of very dissimilar sets 



of bracts. 59. Melampodidm. 



Achenes flattened; ligules in ours yellow. 



Ray-flowers in 2-3 series ; achenes falUng away free. 



60. SILPHIDM. 

 Ray -flowers in 1 series; achenes adnate to 2 or 3 paleae and falling away 

 with them. 61. Engelmannia. 



Marginal pistillate floweis reduced to a truncate or obUquely-cleft tube; the 

 ligules, if any, reduced to 2 or 3 small teeth. 

 Acaulescent cespitose perennials; pappus of a pair of lanceolate membranous 



scales. 62. BOLOPHYTA. 



Caulescent annuals; pappus none. 63. Parthenice. 



II. Disk-flowers fieitile. 



a. Ray-flowers fertile; the ligules with very short tube, persistent on the achenes 



and becoming papery in texture. 

 Achenes of the disk compressed ; leaves entire. 64. Cbassina. 



Achenes obtusely 4-angled. 



Leaves toothed; paleae pointless, partly enclosing the achenes. 



65. Heijopsis. 

 Leavesentire;paleaelinear-lancoolate,notenclosing theachenes. (§ Kalliac- 

 Hs, i. e., B. Careyana, of) 71. Balsamobrhiza. 



b. Ray-corollas deciduous from the achenes or wanting. 



1. Pappus a crown or none, or of a few squamellae on the angles of the achenes. 

 and rarely minute ones between. 

 a. Achenes of the disk-flowers not obcompressed (except in Ralibida and 

 Ximenesia) : paleae usually more or less concave and clasping. 

 Receptacle conic, subulate or columnar. 

 Achenes 4-angled. . 



Ray-flowers purplish or rarely whitish: disk-corollas almost 



without a tube; pappus coroniform. 66. Brauneria. 

 Ray-flowers yellow or none; disk-corollas mth a short but mani- 

 fest tube. 

 Achenes quadrangular-compressed: apex of the achenes 

 covered by the base of the corolla- tube. 



67. Gymnolomia 

 Achenes nearly equally 4-angled; apex not covered by the 

 base of the corolla. 6S. Rudbeckia. 



Achenes 5-angled; ray-flowers white. 70. Galinsoga. 



