THISTLE FAMILY 253 



Bracts lance-ovate; inflorescence narrow. 7. G. microcephalum. 



Leaves on the upper surface green and decidedly glandular, decurrent; involucres 

 glabrous. 8. G. Macounii. 



Heads leafy-bracted; involuoral bracts little imbricate, brown or greenish; plant low; 

 iavolucre floccose at the base. 

 Plants loosely floccose; leaves broad, spatulate, oblong or oblanceolate. 



9. G. palustre. 

 Plants appressed-tomentose; leaves except the lowest narrowly oblanceolate or 

 linear. 

 Stem dlfl^isely branched; glomerules crowded, cymosely disposed. 



Upper leaves narrowly oblanceolate. 10. G. uliginosum. 



Upper leaves narrowly linear. 11. G. exilifoHum. 



Stem mostly simple, erect; glomerules spicately disposed. 



12. G. Grayi. 

 Bristles of the pappus united in a ring at the base and falling ofl! together: leaves ob- 

 lanceolate or spatulate. 13. G. ustulatum. 



68. ADENOCAULON Hook. i. A. bicoior. 



59. MELAMPODIUM L. l. M. Uucanlhum. 



60. SILPHIUM L. RosiNWEED, Compass Plant. i. s. integrifoHum. 



61. ENGELMANNIA T. & G. l. E. pinnatifida. 



62. BOLOPHYTA Nutt. l. B. alpina. 



63. PARTHENICE A. Gray. 1. P. mollis. 



64. CRASSINA Scepin. 



Ligules large, much longer than the disk. 1. C. grandifiom. 



Ligules scarcely longer than the disk. 2. C. anomala. 



65. HELIOPSIS L. Ox-bye. l . H. scabra. 



66. BRAUNERIA Neck. Purple Conb-flowee. i. B. angusHfoHa. 



67. GYMNOLOMIA H.B.K. 



Perennials. 



Leaves lanceolate; caudex thick, lignescent. 1. G. muUi flora. 



Leaves linear; caudex slender. 2. G. linearis. 

 Annuals; leaves linear. 



Plant flnely strigose. 3. G. annua. 



Plant hispid. 4. G. ciliata. 



68. RUDBECKIA L. Cone-flower, Golden Glow, Nigger-heads. 



Heads radiate; disk in fruit spherical or oblong. 



Leaves entire or merely toothed; plant hispid. 1. R. hirta. 



Leaves except the uppermost 3-5-cleft or pinnatifld ; plant glabrous or nearly so. 



2. R. ampla. 

 Heads discoid; disk in fruit cylindraceous. 



Leaves pinnately parted. 3. R. montana. 



Leaves undivided, toothed or entire. 4. R. occidentalis. 



69. RATIBIDA Raf. Cone-plower. 



Disk in fruit oblong, about 1 cm. long; pappus of 1-2 awn-like teeth, without intermediate 



squamellae. 1- R- Tagetes. 



Disk in fruit cyUndraceous, 2-4 cm. long; pappus with a series of squamellae. 



2. R. columnifera. 



70. GAUNSOGA R. & P. l. G. parviflora. 



71. BALSAMORRHIZA Hook. Balsam-root. 

 Leaves entire or bluntly toothed, never pinnatifld. 



Plant white-tomentose. 



Leaves with entire margins or sUghtly undulate, oblong-cordate to hastate. 



1. B. sagittata. 

 Leaves more or less distinctly toothed, ovate-lanceolate, with subcordate base. 



2. B. tomentosa. 

 Plant hirsute-puberulent; basal leaves cordate. 



Ligules linear, deciduous; achenes glabrous. 3. B. deltoidea. 



Ligules oval, becoming papery, and more or less persistent; achenes puberulent. 



^. B. Careyana. 

 Leaves mostly pinnatifld or at least incisedly toothed. 

 Plant canescent or white-toraentose. 

 Plants loosely white-tomentose. 



