264 CARDUACEAE 



Heads nodding in the bud, usually discoid. I. Bradiatae. 



Heads erect in bud, radiate. 



Basal leaves cordate or ovate, long-petioled. 



Pappus white, merely barbellate; involucre turbinate (except in A. granuUfera), 

 not conspicuously glandular-hirsute (except in A. paniculata). 

 Achenes densely hirsute; involucre densely villous at the base. 



II. COKDIFOLIAE. 

 Achenes glabrous, glandular-puberulent, or with a few scattered hairs above. 

 Involucre, peduncle, and achenes densely glandular-granuUferous. 

 Involucre hemispheric; disk about 15 mm. high. 



III. Grantjlifeeae. 

 Involucre turbinate; disk 10-12 mm high. IV. Gbaciles. 



Involucre slightly villous at the base, scarcely glandular, turbinate; 

 disk about 15 mm. high. V. Latifoliae. 



Pappus tawny or brownish, distinctly plumose; involucre distinctly glandular- 

 hirsute. VI. DIVEESIFOLIAE. 

 Basal leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, short-petioled. 

 Pappus distinctly plumose, brownish. 



Achenes glandular-granuliferous ; involucre glandular-granuliferous and 

 somewhat hirsute; leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire or nearly so. 



VII. LONGIFOLIAE. 

 Achenes pubescent, not glandular; involucre usually glandular-hirsute (vil- 

 lous in A, gracilenia and glandular-granuliferous in A. arcana). 



VIII. MOLLES. 



Pappus merely barbellate, white or yellowish. 



Leaves numerous, more or less gre^yish, the larger more than 7 cm. long; 



pappus yellowish; heads many. IX. Foliosae. 



Leaves rather few, green, the larger not more than 7 cm. long; pappus 

 white; heads 1-3. X. Alpin.\e. 



Stem-leaves 1-3 pairs, the upper much reduced, linear or linear-lanceolate; heads 1-3. 

 Heads erect. 



Involucre hemispheric, glandular-hirsute; pappus brown, plumose. 



XI. PEDUNCtnLATAE. 

 Involucres turbinate, villous at the base (glandular only in A. arnoglossa) ; pappus 

 white, barbellate. X. Alpinae. 



Heads nodding in bud. XII. Lessingianae. 



I. Eradiatae. 

 One species. 1. A. Parryi. 



II. CORDIFOLIAE. 



Heads numerous; involucre more or less glandular-hirsute; bracts linear. 



2. A, paniculata. 

 Heads 1-3, rarely 5; involucre villous, only with subsessile glands. 



Plant 2-4 dm. high; leaves thin, usually coarsely toothed; bracts oblanceolate. 

 Lower leaves with a close sinus, their teeth salient. 3. A. grandifolia. 



Lower leaves with an open sinus, their teeth directed forward. 



4. A. cordifolia. 

 Plant 1-2 dm. (rarely 3 dm.) high; leaves thick, subentire, or with a few teeth; bracts 

 Unear-lanceolate. 5. A. pumila. 



III. Granuliferae. 

 One species. 6. A. granuUfera. 



IV. Graciles. 

 Upper leaves not Unear. 



Bracts Unear-lanceolate; leaves tliin, usually more or less dentate. 7. A. gracilis. 

 Bracts oblanceolate; leaves thick, usually entire. 8. A. puberula. 



Upper stem-leaves linear, much reduced. 9. A. arnoglossa. 



V. Latifoliae. 



Leaves decidedly hairy, especially above. 10. A. Jonesii. 



Leaves nearly glabrous. 



Achenes sUghtly glandular-granuliferous, and with a few scattered hairs above. 

 Leaves not saliently toothed, merely denticulate. 11. A. tentorum. 



Leaves saUently and coarsely toothed. 12. A. Menziesii. 



Achenes glabrous; leaves more or less toothed. 13. A. latifolia. 



VI. DrVERSIFOHAE. 



Leaves thin, nearly glabrous. 14. A. silvatica. 



Leaves thick, densely glandular-puberulent, at least above. 15. A. diversifolia. 



VII. LONGIFOLIAE. 

 Involucre merely puberulent or glandular-granuliferous; leaves not caudate-attenuate; 



stem usually over 3 dm. high. 16. A. longifolia. 



Involucre copiously hirsute, as well as puberulent; leaves caudate-acuminate. 



17. A. caudata. 

 VIII. MOLLES. 

 Involucre villous, not at all glandular or viscid. 18. A. macilenla. 



Involucre more or less glandular or viscid. 



Involucre densely glandular-granuliferous, only with a few white hairs. 



19. A. arcana. 

 Involucre decidedly villous or hirsute, as well as glandular. 



Middle stem-leaves broadly ovate, less than 5 cm. long; stem 2-3 dm. high. 



