266 CARDUACEAE 



Leaf-blades neither triangular nor cordate. 



Plant tall, 5-15 dm. high; heads numeroiis; plants with root- 

 stocks. V. Serrae. 

 Plant low, 2-4 dm. high; heads few. 



Heads radiate. XVI. Crassuli. 



Heads discoid. XVII. Rapifolh. 



Leaves pinnatifld. ' VI. Eremophim. 



Leaves or their divisions linear-flliform; plants usually suffruticose at the 

 base. VII. Longilobi. 



Plants with the stem-leaves more or less reduced upwards. 

 Rootstock well developed, horizontal or ascending, woody .^ 

 Stem leafy, more than 2 dm. high. 

 Heads campanulate, rarely soUtary. 



Stem stout; rootstock not cespitose; leaves callous-denticulate or 

 saliently dentate. 

 Heads discoid; leaves saliently dentate. 



XVII. Rapifolii. 

 Heads radiate; leaves callous-denticulate. 



Leaves glabrous. VIII. Glaucescentes. 



Leaves tomentose. IX. PoLiosi. 



Stem slender; rootstock usually more or less cespitose; leaves 

 neither caUous-denticulate, nor saliently and closely den- 

 tate; stem-leaves in the larger forms usually pinnatifld. 

 Basal leaves entire, more or less white-tomentose. 



X. Cani. 

 Basal leaves, at least most of them, toothed or pinnatifld. 

 Leaves and stem more or less floccose, tardily becoming 



glabrate. XI. Tomentosi. 



Leaves and stem glabrous or slightly floccose when young. 



XII. Abeei. 

 Heads turbinate, solitary. XIII. Subnudi. 



Stem subscapose, less than 2 dm. high. XIV. Andicolab. 



Rootstock very short, erect, of short duration, with numerous fieshy-flbrous 

 roots; leaves dentate or entire. 

 Tall bog-plants, 5-15 dm. high; basal leaves long-petioled. 



XV. Htdrophili. 

 Meadow or wood-plants, 2-5 dm. high; basal leaves comparatively 

 short-petioled. 

 Leaves sharply and densely dentate. XVI. Crassuli. 



Leaves entire-margined or denticulate, seldom sinuate-dentate. 



XVIII. Integekkimi. 

 Annuals 



Plant branched, more or less viscid; heads discoid, or with minute rays. 



XX. Vdlgabes. 

 Plant simple, more or less floccose; heads radiate. XXI. Palustres. 



I. PUDICI. 



Heads 12-20 mm. high, broadly campanulate. 



Auricles of the upper leaves small and entire; mldvetn of the leaves long- villous. 



1. S. accidens. 

 Auricles of the upper leaves large and usually toothed; mid vein of the leaves not con- 

 spicuously villous. 2. S. chloranthus. 

 Heads 8-10 mm. high, narrowly campanulate. 3. S. pudicus. 



II. Amplectentes. 

 Stem 2 dm. or more high, leafy; leaves acute. 



Stem-leaves with clasping bases; stem high, slightly floccose when young. 



4. rS. amplectens. 

 Stem-leaves not clasping, iisually short-petioled. 5. S. pagosanus. 



Stem less than 2 dm. high. 



Rootstock hard, scaly at the top; upper stem-leaves sessile. 6. S. seridophyllus. 

 Rootstock fleshy, not scaly; stem-leaves usually petioled. 

 Basal leaves gradually tapering into the petioles. 



Plant glabrous or nearly so; leaves dentate; bracts oblong. 



7. S. Holmii. 

 Plant arachnoid-floccose; leaves pinnatifld; bracts narrowly lanceolate. 



8. S. taraxacoides. 

 Basal leaves abruptly contracted Into the petioles. 9. S. Soldanella. 



III. OCCIDENTAIES. 



Plant 2-3 dm. high; stem-leaves obovate or oblong, clasping. 



Plant very leafy; involucres 10-15 mm. broad, short-peduncled or subsessUe; achenes 



strigose. 10. S. carthamoldes. 



Plant less leafy; involucres about 10 mm. broad, long-pedimcled; achenes glabrous. 



11. .S blitoides. 

 Plant about 1 dm. high: stem-leaves spatulate or obovate, scarcely clasping. 



Leaves obovate-spatulate; plant glabrous; achenes puberulent. 



12. S. Fremontii. 

 Leaves oval, spinulose-dentate; leaf-margins scaberulous; surfaces with a few hairs; 



achenes glabrous. 13. S. invenustus. 



