xii List of Illustrations. 



ma. 



PAGE 



116. A bad and old-standing attack of "Woolly Aphis . . . .142 



117. Woolly Aphis on the suckers and shoots of an old apple tree . 143 



118. Woolly Aphis and galled area produced by it . . • • 144 



119. Early stage of attack of Woolly Aphis on young wood . . 145 



120. Young wood attacked by Woolly Aphis .... 146 



121. Piece of wild crab apple attacked by Woolly Aphis . . .147 



122. Boot form of Woolly Aphis 148 



123. Ovum of Woolly Aphis and shrivelled skin of ? . . . 148 



124. Young Woolly Aphis hatched from egg . . • • 149 



125. Galls caused on roots by Woolly Aphis 149 



126. Injecting bisulphide of carbon by means of the Vermorel injector . 152 



127. Damage to foliage by Apple Sucker and normal leaves . . . 154 



128. Adult Apple Sucker ( x 14) . . . . . .155 



129. Larva and nymph of Apple Sucker . 156 



130. Nymph skins of Apple Sucker ( x 2) . . . . 156 



131. Old egg of Apple Sucker, showing rupture and process . . . 157 



132. Ova of Apple Sucker, showing where deposited (slightly magnified) 158 



133. Young larvae of Apple Sucker waiting to enter buds . . 159 



134. Orchard sprayed with lime and salt wash . . . 161 



135. Seneca nozzles used for lime and salt wash . . . . 162 



136. Apple tree coated with lime and salt to prevent Apple Sucker . 163 



137. Ova of a Psocid spj 164 



138. The Mussel Scale on apple twig (Lepidosaphes ulmi) . . . 166 



139. The Mussel Scale {Lepidosaphes ulmi). 1, female scale (dorsal 



view) ; 2, ventral view with ova ; 3, mature female beneath scale ; 



4, larva ; 5, male ; 6, male scale. (After Newstead) . 167 



140. Propupal stage of a male Scale Insect .... 168 



141. Mussel Scale ; normal bark glands ; cankered scars . 169 



142. Spraying machine (Four Oaks Patent) ...... 173 



143. Brown Soft Scale {Lecanium caprem) ....._. 176 



144. The Large Tortoiseshell Butterfly (Vanessa polychloros) and 



chrysalis. ........ . 186 



145. Caterpillar of Large Tortoiseshell Butterfly . . . . 187 



146. Plum and Cherry Tree Stem Borer (Semasia woeheriana) . . 189 



147. Piece of cherry bark (inner side) showing workings of the Semasia 



larvae .189 



148. Semasia woeberiana .... ... 190 



149. Pupa of Plum and Cherry Tree Borer (Semasia u-ocheriana) pro- 



jecting from bark ........ 191 



150. The Cherry Fruit Moth (Argyresthia nitidella. Fabr.) . . . 192 



151. Larval case on leaf and detached, also Moth of the Pistol Case- 



Bearer .... ...... 195 



152. An Apple Case-Bearer (C'oZeojj7iO?-a sy.) and Moth. . 196 



153. Cherry Black Aphis (Mynus cerasi) on cherry shoot . . 197 



154. Nymph of the Cherry Aphis (Myzus cerasi) (greatly enlarged) . 198 



155. Adult Frog-hoppers (Philamus spumarius) ... . 200 



156. Currant Clearwing Moth . .... . 204 



157. Larva of the Current Clearwing in situ . ... 205 



158. Larvs (just ready to pupate) and pupa of IMagpie Moth . . 206 

 158a. Immature caterpillars of the Magpie Moth 207 



