List of Illustrations. xi 



87 

 88 



90 

 93 

 94 

 94 

 95 



97 



98 



101 



102 

 103 

 105 



77. Tent of Cherry and Euonymus Little Ermine Moth {Hyponomeuti 



evonymella) ........ 



78. Little Apple Ermine (H. malinella). A, cocoons in leaf nest 



B, adult . . . . 



79. Ova of Hyponomeuta malinella (natural size and enlarged) . 



80. Nest of Apple Little Ermine {Hyponomeuta malinella) (half natural 



size) .... 



81. Pith Moth and damaged spur . . 



82. Apple shoot attacked by Pith Moth 



83. Pith Moth {Blastodacna- heller ella) ... 



84. Winter stage of Pith Moth, showing blisters and holes . 



85. The Apple Leaf Miner {Lyonetia clerchella). Cocoon and larval 



mine ....... 



86. Apple Leaf Miner [Lyonetia clercJcella) 



87. Nepticula malella ...... 



88. Apple Leaf Miner {Nepticula malella). Larva, cocoon and mined 



leaf .... 



89. Ornix petiolella ...... 



90. Apple Blossom Weevil {Antlwnomus fomorum) . 



91. Apple Blossom Weevil (natural size and magnified) and "capped" 



blossom, showing exit hole . 107 



92. Bark Beetle (Scolytus rugulosus) ....... Ill 



93. Piece of plum stem showing " flight holes " of Bark Beetle 



{S. rugulosus) ...... ... 112 



94. Work of the Bark Beetle {Scolytus rugulosus) and beetles (natural 



size) . . 113 



95. Apple shoot cut by Twig Cutter {Bhynchites cceruleus) . . 117 



96. Ihe A-p-ple Twig Cutter {Bhynchites cceruleus) {x 3) . . 118 



97. Leaf Weevils {Phyllobius). 1, Phyllobius maculicornis ; 2, P. ob- 



longus ; 3, P. uniforinis (x 3). . • 119 



98. Apples eaten out by Apple Sawfly . . • 123 



99. Apple showing scar formed by Apple Sawfly on young fruit which 



the maggot failed to enter . 124 



100. Saw of a female Sawfly (greatly enlarged) . 125 



101. The Apple Sawfly (natural size and enlarged) . 125 



102. Larva of the Apple Emphytus {Emphytus sp. ?) ; c. larva in situ ; 



b, entrance of tunnel ; a, excrement. . • 127 



103. Apple shoot destroyed hj Aphis pomi . 131 



104. Da,mage to apple shoots by Aphis 132 



105. Ova of Apple Aphis {Aphis pomi) . 133 



106. Apple Aphides . . 134 



107. Aphis sorbi. Oviparous female. Young stage . 134 



108. Young Aphides just hatched feeding on apple bud. . 135 



109. " Stem Mother " of Aphis sorbi. Kalt. (greatly enlarged) . 136 



110. Aphis sorbi. Larva from viviparous female ..... 137 



111. Aphis fitchii. Nymph, showing extruding young (greatly enlarged) 138 



112. Aphis fitchii (viviparous female), showing larval Ichneumon within 138 



113. Ovum of Jj)Ais _/?fc7m laid in branch crevice (greatly enlarged) . 138 



114. Aphis fitchii on apple shoot ..... 139 



115. A parasite of the Apple Aphis . . . . 140 



