70 



Insect Pests. 



two otliLT kinds of larvie occur in apple, cue abundantly in tliis 

 country, namely, the Apple Sawtly {lloplocn in pa tcstuiJinca), and the 

 other the Api)le Fruit Fly {Trijpeta pi'muiiidla, Walsh), which occurs 

 ill America. The former lias more legs than the Codling Maggot ; 

 the latter has none. 



The small Tiueid Motli {Arijiprcstliiu coiijni/clta, ZcUer) also 

 attacks ap2iles in liurojie (/•/'/(' IJevetning om Skadeinsekter og 

 Plantesygdomiae i Land-og Ha\-eliruget, I'JOo. V>\ W. il. Schoyen, 

 pp. 22^23, 1906, Kristiania). 



The damage the LVidliug Maggot causes is often \-ery serious. 

 Fre(|Ueutly the crop has been almost ruined, especially in the cider- 

 growing districts of the western counties. t)ur choicest dessert 

 apjiles suffer just as much as the cooking and coarser kinds. 



Years ago it seems to have been well 

 known, for in an old Dutch book published in 

 ^P%, ^ .s^K^sS^ llj-t.") (1) WO find an account of it and also a 



~ "" figure. Cato wrote on "Wormy Apples" in 



his treatise iju Agriculture, written nearly 

 200 years n.c. Year liy year it has become 

 better known, and year by year it has spread 

 further and further afield, until we now get 

 tlic Codling iloth in nearly all parts of the 

 world where apples are grown. 



It we go til the market and examine 

 American, Canadian, i'ortuguese or ;\Iadeira 

 apples, we hnd them often badlv damasied, 

 and alsii numbers of the li\'e maggots in the 

 liarrels, etc., they come over in. In this way 

 tlie\' ha\-e been spread from country to country. 

 The Codling Moth has several relatives, all of which live in seeds or 

 fruit, one we hnd in the sweet chestnut (Curpnciipsn splcniliihuia), 

 another in beech nuts (l/iiiporiip.s(( y/r«,sro(rO, another m euphorbia 

 seeds, the so-called " juniiiing lieans," the movements of the caterpillar 

 wrthin the seed causing the seeds to .juia]) into the air. 



The appearance of the infested apples is too well known to need 

 description here, but is depicted in the pluitograph (Fig. 08). 



04.— SilMH nl,l, fiiui:K5 



LiFE-IIlSTOKV .VNIi HaIUTS. 



The difficulty iu oliserving insects laying their eggs is always 

 great, and amongst those which lly at twrliglil and at night almo"st 

 impossilde, at least in their natural state. "aVo shall have to watch 



