Insects Injurious to the Apple. 



89 



theui as oaiiy as this. Rpeeimeiis sent by Mv. Jiear were taken oii the 

 I'nd ot .Uigust. ]\Ir. I'.eav sent ([uite a new oliservation, namely, that 

 when tlie ninths ^\evti disturbeil lie IVinnd they fell to the gTonnd with 

 folded wings and could [le easily canglit. As in all this genus, the 

 temale deposits her eg-s uu small twigs, in cirenlar juitclies about one 

 and a half lines in diameter; tliese egg-masses are then covered over 

 with a gluliuous substance winch is at first yelhjw, Imt which 

 gradually liecomes lirown, until lliey resemlde the colour of the bark 

 upon whicli they are situated. Tliey are laid in groups of fifty to 

 eighty; they are i)laeed ia rows which overlap one another like tiles 

 on the ixiof of a house. These eggs liatcli in the autumn and the 

 minute larv;e remain under this case now composed of a glutinous 

 substance and debris ot egg-sladls. As many as two to six dozen 

 lar\';e form each group and 

 there they remain all through 

 the winter. They are at iirst 

 of a pale yellow colour with 

 black head and dark succeeding 

 segment and vary in lengtli 

 from one-half to two-thirds of 

 a line. As soon as tlie l)uds 

 begin to burst tliese little larv;e 

 escape from the nest and enter 

 the expanding buds and can 

 then be easily found. In ^fav' 

 they seem to disajipear, but ap- 

 piarently have mined their ^^"ay 

 into the soft parenchymatous 

 tissue of the leaves, leaving the epidermis untouched. During this 

 period they are said to cause the leaves to become red in piatches, and 

 later to beciime liroNvn, owing to their tunnelling into them. As a 

 rule about a dozen occur in each group on the leaves. As soon as the 

 miners are sutficiently strong they leave the protection of the lea\'cs 

 and lir'ed opieuly upon them. They may also be found in the developing 

 calyces of the blossoms, and feed likewise upon them. At first they 

 retain their yellow colour, but after becoming free they gradually be- 

 come a dirty asliy-grey spotted with black, and later the ground colour 

 becomes dull yellowish leaden-grey with more prominent black spots. 

 Soon after they vacate the blossoms and young leaves they become 

 gregarious and live lor the rest of their larval existence Ijeneath a 

 nest of grey silk spun at first between the folds of a leaf or leaves 

 and later between the twigs. The small leaf nests are found in Slay. 



\IIon-a-f Kni'jiit. 

 {Natural size and enlarged.) 



