/».sTr/.s hijuriouv to llip Aj>ple. 



93 



iibseiice of spun together leaves arid lilossom and liy the wliole nmss 

 dying back. A'eiy similar etfects aw. jivoduced by canker. It ]ias 

 also ),een reported attacking pears ( 1). It is a widespread ],est, 

 having been recorded from Worcestershire, Herefordshire, ( iloncestcr- 

 sliire, Cambridgeshire, Bonrnemonth, Sussex (liaiLshani and Pole- 

 gate), Surrey and Keiit(l), and in Ireland it is recorded liy Carpenter 

 ((■)) from Dounybrook. 



LlFE-HlS'lni;y .VNi) H.Vl'.lTS. 



Tiie niotli of i-liuili-iitdln lias a win-' expanse' uf a little less tliaii 

 I inch ; the front wings may lie almost 

 entirely black, or may lie marked with 

 dark Iirown, and rust\' brown ; the innei- 

 margin of the fore wings is Avdute lo 

 beyund the middle, where an irregular 

 hiint oldiiiue white bar proceeds to {\w 

 tip of the 'iving, and two l)ranch"s from 

 this intersect the black apica! pdrtion. 

 The hind wings are grey and deiisel\" 

 fringed; the head black. Car[ienter (11) 

 sa>'s the tine Lacirnn ulrn, llawoith, is 

 characterised by a A\diite head, and that 

 the black-headed form is 7/ rl iKilrnlclln _ 

 The specimens I lia\'e lu'ed have liad 

 both black and wiiite heads. The white- 

 headed species is .//. JiiUcnUii r The 

 moths appear in duly and on into 

 August. The egg stage is uld■;no^\■ll. 

 The larvae hatch in late summer and 

 feed first of all on the leaves, later they 

 liore into a bud, and still later undei' 

 the rind of a spur or shoot near a bud and remain there all the 

 winter. Their presence can be detected by a small rraiiid hole near 

 tlie bud and a brown blister-like jiatch where the}' lau'C Ijeen 

 Avovkiiig. In spring they tuiimd up the slioot, which if Ijrokeii off 

 v.ill lie found to contain tlie I'itli iMotli caterpillar or pu[ia, usually 

 situated near (he apex of a shoot. 



The lar\a is dull reddish-biown with a deep lirown head and 



* The white-heailfil s[iucies eemuiou in ]\L'nt is 11. lirlln-clhi. J )up. : llie 

 lilauk-heaclcd species is ]'•. fiiiohnlrlhi, H. S. (rare in luait and A\ orcester). 

 The species I originally referred the Pith Motli to — Jjiirrnut nlm, Stainton. 

 following Miss Ormerod — is the blaekdieaded JJ. jiutr:jiriiiHi( of Zullev. 



^1. — ITl'll 3IiiTn A.M) li.V.MAi;]': 

 .sri l; (/;. 1,,'lln-i'lla). 

 ( .\ntnral size ) 



