190 



Insect Pests. 



by the catei'ijillars burrowing under tbe bark, where they feed on the 

 inner bark and cause an exudation of tlie sap. ]\Iasses of gum appear 

 in the cherry, swellings and rugosities in the others, and the trees will 

 gradually decay under the attack. 



The burrows formed Ijy the larva.' are of irregular form, some- 

 times chamber-like. Air-holes are nuide by them, and out of these 

 a brown grauular " frass " is extruded. These " frass " heaps were 

 particularly noticeable on some pitched trees at Borden Hall, the 

 larv:e eating their way through tin.' pitch for air, and to pass out the 

 excrement. The tunnels formed by the larva' in some cases passed 

 deep down, and some chambers examined were nearly 2\ inches 

 across. 



The attack mainly seems to be on ihe base of the trunk, and up 

 to about five feet. As many as ten openings were found on the trunk 

 of one tree at Borden which I saw in 190(1 The majority of openings 

 are from one to four feet up the trunk. 



LiFE-HlSTOKY. 



The moths appear in ilay and again in September, there being 

 two liroods during the year. They settle when at rest on the trunks 

 of the trees, and are then very inconspicuous. 



The wing expanse varies from i to nearly q inch. In colour they 

 are dull orange-brown to chestnut-lu'own on the fore wings, with dark 

 markings, small dull yellow streaks on the costa, an eye-like spot 

 on the tip of each wing, and a pearly border 

 enclosing three dark lines ; the under wings 

 are unicolorous brown. The moths appeared in 

 lyOl and 1906 on the 21st of May and con- 

 tinued until the Hth of June. They lav their 

 eggs in crevices in the bark or under the rind, 

 and in six days the small caterpillars appear 

 and tunnel at once into the inner liark, where 

 they pupate in late August and in September. 

 The caterpillars are dull pinkish-wliite to 

 pale dusky-ljrown, with a dark lii-lobed heail and two large median 

 and small lateral dusky tubercles on the first six segments, a sinnile 

 hair arising fi'(jm each ; on the four iViIlowing segments are two 

 small extra dorsal spots behind tlie two large ones, and the tail 

 end is darker than the rest of the body. Tlie legs and the prolegs 

 are normid. In length they raea.surc a, little over Jr inch. 



The chestnut-brown pupa ^^•(.rks its way partly nut of the exit 

 hole before the moth emerges. Tlie jiupa is enclosed in a cocoon. 



