196 



Insect Pests. 



the larval cases commence to appear, wliich form a kind of sliell 

 which entirely encloses the larvte in later life. 



Tlie larva is reddisli- brown to almost orange in colour, with a 

 dark brown shiny head, the anal region darkened, the skin wrinkled ; 

 lengtli less than h inch. The larval ease (Fig. 151) is dark brown to 

 lilack, pistol shajied, with a white border around the mouth of the 



case, slightly swollen at tlie 

 sides, partially snail - like 

 (helicoid) and much Avrinkled. 

 Tliis case is narrow and 

 more curved when young. 

 The larva? may Ije found from 

 August through the winter 

 to June, They hatch out 

 from eggs laid in August and 

 on to the early part of Septem- 

 Ijer and soon form a house, 

 and continue feeding into the 

 autumn as long as possible. 

 They pass tlie winter attached 

 l)y silken strands to the twigs 

 and shoots of the trees, gene- 

 rally in a half-grown state. In 

 early spring they commence 

 to feed on the Ijuds and unfolding leaves. Pupation takes place 

 inside the "case-house''; the pupa is pale brown, and lasts in 

 tliat condition for three, four or more weeks. Before the moth 

 emerges the pupa is forced partly out of the case and the sides of 

 the case biurst, 



N.VTUii.vL Enemies, 



Xumerous small hynienoptera are parasitic on tins moth. In 

 one instance, namely, at Selliirdge, the Eev. S. I'atrick found that 

 nearly every case was parasitised. Lintner (2) also refers to a 

 Chalcid parasite of C. hui/lron'/In. 



Uemehiks. 

 Spraying with arsenate of lead. This sliould be done in .'intumn 

 after a bad attack to prevent tlie larv;c from damaging the voung 

 leaves, buds, etc., in the f.illoAving sprini;. 



ItEFF.EEXCES. 



(li Thruluihl. F. T'. .Toin-iiul 8. E. Agi-icultural f'ollego, Xo. C. p. 9 (ISOT) 

 ('i| Liiilncr, J. A. First Ileport on Injurious and (Itlicr Insects of the State 

 uf Ne\\- York, p. 16:-.! (l!SS2l. 



^— ,\-\ Ai'i'i.E (:a^I'>hI';.\uki; {Cnienphorci ,^j 

 AT ,r AND :mi:ith, 

 (All alliL'il iij.sect fMiinil on .iiiiilij.] 



