332 



Insect Pests. 



mark and four black lines mark their upper surface, and they liave a 

 white fringe around them. 



The figure, however, clearly indicates this species. 



In tlie attack at Aberlady the damage seemed at its zenith 

 towards the end of July, and it continued until the end of the month 

 at Cambridge. 



Mr. Hart noticed that it was mainly wall trees that were attacked, 

 especially near ivy-clad walls and clumps of evergreens. Stainton 

 also refers to it on the trees at the sides of his house. This I also 

 noticed in 1887 at Kingston-on-Thames (1) as well as at Eardiston. 



^Vlthough most varieties of pears seem to lie attacked, the 

 Jargonelle and Doyenne de Cornice liave been jiarticularly 

 mentioned. 



The larva"' produce more or less regular round l)lotches, chiefly 

 on the upper sides of the leaves, every now and then one is visible 

 from lieneath. The blisters may reach \ inch in diameter. The 

 mines are at first brownish and then turn dark purplish-brown to 

 black and marked outwardly by dark concentric rings formed by the 

 excreta of the larv:e. The leaves eventually decay away and fall off. 



LiFF.-HlSTOKY AXD H.VBITS. 



The moth appears at the end of April and lieginning of ^lay. 

 Tlie blisters were first noticed l>y Mr. Hart in East Lothian in ]\Iay. 



Then again in June and July and 

 into the first week in August. 

 ]Mr. Eustace Hanks told me he 

 has bred this species in June 

 from larva.' found in the previous 

 autumn, and also in ]\lay and 

 June from larva' found in Sep- 

 tember. The moth has leaden- 

 grey fore -wings with a brownish- 

 grey streak running from tlie 

 costa obli(piely across the wing ■ 

 two wliite streaks also run from the costa, nearer the tip, separated 

 by a coppery band, which runs lurlf across the wing; beneath 

 tliese is a black spot with a violet pupil, the fringe is dingy with 

 four radiating dark lines; hind wings leaden-grey with pale grey 

 cilia. Wing expanse \ inch. 



The eggs are laid on the underside of the leaves. 



The larvre on hatching enter the leaf from the lower surface. At 



[W. Hitinw.j,,,!. 

 21b.— LAIIV.I ny Ceiiiio^tnina scitella. 

 (Greatly enlai-yed,) 



