Insecls, etc., Injurioa.s to tJtc Pin 



III. 



389 



Edwanls (0) does not appeav to liave boon aoquamtLMl wiili tli(3 

 oeoiKiinic litcvaturo of this subject, f,,r lie slates iu his M-dik ,m the 

 Heiniptera-llmuoptera ot the Britisli Isles ( [i. :J)tliat " imno of tlie 

 Hoiuoptera-t'icadiua can be said to lie nf any ecunomi.:' iiupurtance 

 in ISritaiu; certain species, as I'Iii/,niii>; :^jiirm,ni,i, ChJorihi rl ridnlu ^ 

 Eiijilcriix i<iir<ilii:<, etc., sonietimcs swarm in -aniens, and elm and 

 beccli trees ai'e generally tenanted by countless nundiers of Tijphln- 

 riihiiln , but it (hies not appear they (hj any real harm in anv sta^'C." 



The Tiijilitunjhidif are small leaf hoppers, \\'hich form a very 

 h(im(iL;encous group, and sunie, such as 

 the TiJiihliinjlut ,jiirii:ii^^ are \'ery gaih" 

 coloured ; others, as the two Clilni'ihi^ 

 are more uniform iu a[ipea,rance. 



Xci less than twenty species of 

 Tiiiililuc'ilii are known to occur in 

 IJritain. (Jne species is described frnni 

 plums {T. jinnii, Edw.), an(jthi'r ii'om 

 nuts {T. <irr//i/ii,i\ Edw.). Neither of 

 these have Ijeen so far observed by nie 

 on fruit trees iu any nuudjers, and in 

 many orchards and pdautations A'isited 

 none could be found at all. 



It is strange that (.me of the spei.'ics 

 that has di.me so much harm tu i'ruit 

 trees should lie an oak feeclei'. At 

 least, it has been identitied as such by 

 ^Ir. J)rstant, and it certai)d>' answa-rs 

 the descriptii.iu of Ti/p/i/o'-i/ha 'pirn /.■•,■ 

 given by ]ul wards, although his figure 

 (lues not (|iiite agree with auy specimen 

 1 have. The series in the I'ouglas 

 and Scott collection in the British iluseum, laiiwever, all agree with 

 tlai.^e that have been sent me. 



The damage done l.iy these leaf hojipers is A'cry nurrked, and has 

 been referred to by atuious writers abr(.iad. 



In the case of apple and pdum the insects, bv meajis of their 

 probing prolioscides constantly being inserted iul(.i fresh tissue and 

 coirstautly sucking out the sap, jiroduce on the lca\'es, firsts minute 

 jiale sp'Ots, A\]ucli gradually increase until the leaves fiecome more or 

 less entireh' silvery green, or grey, or marbled. Tu such an extent 

 have I seen this effect that anyone wouh.l have thought, at a distance, 

 that the trees were suffering from Sih'er Leaf (lisease. 



1-1. r. /'. /;. 



n:;. -.'ill. — ilvmsmn m'i;a\". MmniNi; 



]iAMAi;i-: BV LEAF tfi i ITIMt^. 



Is^.'tc iiiilu ^ih'L'iy liiR' of leaves. 



