Insects Injurious to the Ras'pljerry. 433 



and with six lirown jointed legs in front; the liead is hirge, Ijrown, 

 provided with strong biting jaws. When mature they attain tlie 

 length of lA incli. This stage lasts three years. Altliough these 

 white grubs are sluggisli when removed from the soil, they move with 

 ease when in it, especially if the soil is light and friable. They do not 

 feed at any depth, but, lil<e wireworm, they pass deeper into the soil 

 when the laud is frozen. Tiiey gnaw the roots, 1joth young and old, 

 and frequently work their way right into tlie centre of th(j mass of 

 raspberry roots and remain feeding there until the plant is killed. 

 At the end of their third year, usually in the early spring, sometimes 

 in the preceding autumn, tliey reach maturity, burrow dee]i into tlie 

 earth, make a smooth-lined cell and change into the pupa, whicli is 

 pale brown in colour. 



The larva' of this species may be distinguished friun the other 

 two allied pests by the nrandibles having a grauulated area where 

 the dark and pale parts of the jaws unite. 

 The beetles hatcli from the pupa' some little 

 time before they appear above ground. 



I'jiKVliNTInX AM> TjJEAT.MKNT. 



Tlie beetles may easily be collected in 

 rasplierry plantations by beating or shaking 



them off the canes during the daytime on ^^^^^^^^^^T 

 to tarred boards; trreat numbers mav be fi.i. 2s3.-r,AKVA ..i- cnric 



" ('11 AFKIL. 



collected in this way, just as the Itaspherry (imumtm-v.) 



Weevils are. 



The larva^^ at the ro(its are more difficult to get at. Hoeing in 

 soot and lime has lieen said to do good, but it is very uncertain 

 in action. 



A'aporite is no\v well k-nown to destroy tliese white grubs and 

 may safely be recommended for this purpose. 



THE SUMMER OR SMALL CHAFER. 



{PJil:otivi/iis sohtitialis. Fabr.) 



The Summer or Small Chafer in some years and in some dis- 

 tricts is more almndant than the Large or Cock Chafer. It hkewise 

 damages the foliage of the rasplierry and other fruit, and also eats 

 the blossoms. 



Tlie beetle (Fig. 28-!) is variable in size, some being f inch long, 

 others slightly less; it is very like the Cock Chafer, but smaller, 



