498 



Appendix. 



"For till' purpose of identification it will be necessary briefly to 

 describe the salient characters of the female, which alone affords us 

 the means )jy which we can separate it fmm the numerous allied species 

 belonging to the same sub-family." 



"Theco\ering scale of the male is pure white, narrowly elongated, 

 and much smaller tlian that of the female. Within this covering, which 

 somewhat resembles the linger of a glove, the insect undergoes its trans- 

 formation, appearing in due season as a very tiny t\\o-winged Hy having 

 an orange coloured Ixxly." The male scales are often densely massed r.n 

 the branches together and make them look as if whitewashed. 



Liiunsbury (-3) describes the female scale as being nearly circular, with 

 an orann-e-vellow spot midway between the centre of the scale and the 

 front margin, and says that old scales and those fully exposed are quite 



grey, but on the fruit, and when sheltered 

 by the Ijuds, the colour is almost white. 

 The situation makes some difference in the 

 rotundity of the scale and iji its form. 



As no one liut the .specialist can identify 



these scale insects, it wcjuld be best if the grower 



is in doubt to send them tn Mr. Kewstead at 



the Uiii\'ersity, Livei-poul, nr to myself. The 



_..^ ^ female scales remain long on the trees after 



^^JMK^S^' death. The female insect under the scale is 



^^^fr pink. About loO eggs are laid by each female. 



The young are pink, and then become covered 



with a coat of loose white waxen woolly 



thi-eads. There may be three generations per 



annum in America, as many as foui' at the 



Uape. 



Louuslniry descidbes a reddish discoloratiim ai'ound the scales when on 

 the fruit. In South Europe it is a great pest on the mulberry. 



\l-. E.lru 

 Fit!. ■.i-l.i.^l>':>lfl'i« iniilailn, 



.Tamaii'ii (OriiiiiiniiO. 

 (iJveatly tiilariicit 



T]!1-:atmext. 



If it occurs in this country again, the best plan is to fumigate the 

 stock at once with hydrocyanic acid gas or burn it. It is an extremely 

 difficult insect to destroy. Kesin wash and lime, salt and sulphur washes 

 appear to do most good as .spray fluids. 



N,\TUK,\L EXICMIES. 



Numerous ladvbii'd lieetles fi'cd on this scale insect in different 

 countries. At the Cape a Two-spotted Ladybird (Chiloccrus (li.iiigmd, 

 Klug) and its lar\;e seem to do some good. ^\. Chalcid Fly [Axjiidiutn- 

 pluKjus citrinut), Cra\\) also infests the scale in Cape Colony. 



