A'ppendix. 



501 



small, i-ouiul, slightly ekuig.-itea nipple, uiisiiig fi-om ;i depi-CKsofl surface ; 

 sometimes this jioiiit is bn)\\ii (,i- Mark, at nthers yellow in ccjlour. 



The female scale is cii-culat- and vai-ies in diameter from -,i,- t(i ' 

 inch. The cast skins of the lai\'a are central, the fiUly-formed scale 

 is mottled n-rey, exrept over the central exuvije, where the colour varies 

 from pale to reddisli-yellow", but in some it is dark lirown. The scale is 

 usually smooth Ijut sometimes slightly aunulated, 



Tlie male scale is oblong, nearly twice as long as wide, fr.im j^\, to -.\, 

 inch long ; there is a nippledike prominence between the centre and 

 the anterior margin of the scale. The male scale is darker than the 

 female, sometimes almost lilack, but the larval scale covering the exu\-i;e 

 is often light yellow as in the female. 

 (Jften the central larval scale is black 

 aiul the additions grey. The imme- 

 diate co\-erings are dull \'ellowish- 

 grey. 



These scales congregate thickly 

 on the bark, overlapping one another, 

 and are often covered with a Idack' 

 sooty fungus {Fumago saJicin(i). The 

 scales being so minute sii.gle speci- 

 mens may easily escape detection, 

 but when present in. nundjers the 

 grey colour shows up on the bai k 

 clearly. " Trees seriously infested, 

 Mr. Fletclier * says, " look as it 

 du.sted with lime or ashes." It is 

 found at the end of the branches 

 and twigs in the pear, but on peach 

 it attacks the older pai-ts as well 

 Upon young gr(iwths the scale is 

 surrounded by a nari'ow reddish 

 band, especially around the female 

 scale. (Jn young twigs, Hunter 

 notices that the layer of tissue l.)e- 

 t\\'een the outer Ijark and wood jiropei' Ijecomes dark red oi' purplish, the 

 rings often being most striking. 



On the leaves the scales are found in one or iiKjre rows upon the 

 upper side of the mid rib. Infested leaves turn purpli.sh-brown. 



The fruit is frenuently attacked and becomes rough and pitted. (.)n 

 pears we may always detect this scale by tlie reddish iliscidoration round 

 the scale. 



SAX .li:iSK SCALK. 



Twenty-fifth Annual Kept. Ento. Society of Ontario, p. 74 (1894). 



