DREER’S VEGETABLES UNDER GLASS. 17 
for a good and cheap shutter or ‘“‘lid’’ see the cover of this 
book, the illustration being made from a photograph. Use 
half-inch boards, including the cleats. 
It is not imperative to cover the sashes with shutters or 
mats at night during cold weather. Most large gardeners 
do not do so. Nevertheless, it will pay small operators to 
thus protect their frames, for the protection hastens spring 
growth. ‘ 
If free and regular ventilation be given to the winter 
crops the sashes may be removed in March and used for 
other purposes; even for hot beds, if desired. Crops on 
which shutters have been used at night must not be exposed 
to the weather too early. 
FALL AND SPRING MANAGEMENT. ‘The hoe may be 
used both spring and fall among the plants in the cold frames. 
A small bladed hoe is necessary for the purpose. Watering 
will be needed just after the plants are set out, and some- 
times in the spring, but not in mid-winter, though it is 
always good practice to strip the frames of their sashes 
during warm rains. 
CoLD FRAME ‘‘RoTaTIONs.’’ Here are four cold frame 
‘‘rotations’’ practiced by Philadelphia market gardeners : 
Spinach, sowed about September 15, cut at Christmas ; 
radishes, sowed in February, pulled in April; bush beans, 
sowed in April. 
Corn salad, sowed about September 15, cut at Christ- 
mas ; radishes, sowed in February, followed by beans, 
Lettuce, sowed about September 15, cut in April and 
May, followed by beans. 
Spinach, sowed about September 15, cut at Christmas ; 
lettuce (plants from the seed bed or seed) in February, fol- 
lowed by beans. Beets are frequently sowed in February, 
and other crop arrangements are possible. 
